哈姆雷特故事情节简述

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【一】:哈姆雷特简答题汇总

《哈姆雷特》

1．莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》的主要艺术特点是什么?

答：第一、莎士比亚善于在内外两重的矛盾冲突中，在矛盾冲突的发展过程中，展示人物性格，塑造有血有肉的艺术形象。哈姆雷特与克劳狄的斗争，构成剧中主人公所处的外部冲突；与此同时，他还进行着激烈的内心矛盾冲突。二者相辅相成互相推进。第二、充分发挥了独白和旁白的作用，每当剧情和人物性格发展的关键时刻，剧本都安排独白或旁白来表现主人公的思想矛盾，表现他的思考，他的认识，他的自责，他的怀疑。

2．请举出剧中主人公哈姆莱特的两句经典台词，并作简要赏析。

答：“脆弱啊，你的名字就是女人!”哈姆莱特对母亲在厄运面前表现出的屈从的揶揄，涵盖了女性在命运面前常常表现出来的脆弱的性格弱点，这成为世人对女性的共性认识。“生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。哈姆莱特对生死的严肃思考，后成为人们面对两难抉择时的共同心声。“人类是一件多么了不起的杰作!”哈姆雷特对人的礼赞，成为人文主义最经典的宣言。

3．《哈姆雷特》这一著名悲剧有哪几条线索?

答：主要线索是哈姆雷特为父报仇。在这一主要线索推进的过程中又有两条类似的线索，一是贵族青年莱阿替斯的父亲为哈姆雷特所杀，一是挪威王子福丁勃拉斯的父亲为哈姆雷特的父亲所杀，按照封建法规，两人都有为父报仇的义务。三条线索主次分明，主要线索引出次要线索，次要线索围绕着主要线索，为它的发展服务，三者水乳交融地汇集在一起。

4．试分析哈姆雷特的个性特点。

答：哈姆雷特是文艺复兴时期著名的人文主义者形象之一。他的世界观和人生观有着极其鲜明的特点。他以“人”为中心的观点去看待和赞美自然，给人以崇高的评价。他认为人生应该充满活力和创作，反对士兵对他的忠诚是出于“尽忠”的封建观念，要求朋友和他平等交往，还以平等的观念对待爱情。他为父报仇也不是出于父仇子报的封建观念，而是把它和铲除封建社会罪恶，“重整乾坤”的任务结合起来。这一切都说明，哈姆雷特虽有着王子的身份，其思想观念却表现为一个新人。不过，由于他的出生、经历，以及接受新思想、形成新观念的独特途径，使他的思想危机较一般人文主义者都严重。

5．试简述哈姆雷特悲剧的主要原因。

答：哈姆雷特“重整乾坤的责任”没能完成，这有主、客观方面的原因。从客观方面看，处于萌芽时期的先进力量面对的还是强大的反动势力；从主观方面看，以哈姆雷特为代表的人文主义者相信的是个人的力量、思想的力量，不相信群众，只迷信孤军奋战，而“重整乾坤的责任”却又不是个别人的力量所担负得起来和完成得了的。

6．哈姆雷特决心为父复仇，并要“负起重整乾坤责任”重任，他为什么有意装作疯子?

答：保护自我，避免受到迫害(对手克劳狄斯是国家的最高统治者，强大而又阴险，哈姆雷特怕不小心泄漏了心事，反遭敌人的毒手)；迷惑对方，寻找复仇时机(借装疯既可以躲过对方的耳目，也可借此试探对方)；针砭时弊，借疯言疯语，发泄对当前黑暗现实的不满。

7．哈姆雷特并非“完人”，表现在哪些地方?

答：他虽然善于思索，却优柔寡断；他虽然受到人民的爱戴，却并不相信人民。他说：“时代变得越发不像样子，一个农民的脚趾竟然这么靠近一个朝臣的脚后跟，擦伤了后者的冻疮。”可见哈姆雷特的社会改革与农民所要求的变革相距甚远。尽管哈姆雷特有令人钦佩的才能，竭力想除旧布新，但他总是郁郁不乐，迟疑不决，他始终是孤立的。这就注定了他与丑恶同归于尽的悲惨命运。

8．简析《哈姆雷特》中主要的戏剧冲突及其意义。

答：《哈姆雷特》中主要的戏剧冲突是哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯、王后的冲突，这一冲突深刻地反映了先进的人文主义理想与英国黑暗现实之间的不可调和的矛盾。

9．请简要分析莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》中主人公哈姆雷特的主要性格特征。 答：哈姆雷特是一个人文主义知识分子的典型，在为父报仇过程中优柔寡断，由于复仇任务的艰巨和自身力量的不足，同时

出于道德、爱情的种种思考，他找不到复仇和变革的途径，这使得他长于思考，行动迟缓。

10．克劳狄斯谋杀老国王之后，还写了四重误杀。清说出是哪四重?

答：四重误杀是：哈姆雷特误杀波洛涅斯、英国国王误杀克劳迪斯的两位使者、克劳迪斯误杀王后葛露特、哈姆雷特误杀雷欧提斯。四重误杀显示了人和命运之间无奈而尴尬的局面。

11．请写出《哈姆莱特》中国王克劳狄斯的第三个阴谋，并指出其在情节发展中的作用。

答：安排剑术高超的雷欧提斯与哈姆莱特比剑，让雷欧提斯偷偷换上利剑，并且准备好毒酒庆祝哈姆莱特胜利，双管齐下，确保杀死哈姆莱特。这个阴谋是矛盾冲突的高潮。

12．《哈姆雷特》精心结构。作为一个复仇故事，它有三条线索，流血复仇的情绪笼罩全篇。请用简洁的语言列出三条线索，并分出主次。

答：三条线索：哈姆雷特为父被谋杀篡权复仇；雷欧提斯为被哈姆雷特无意杀死的父亲波洛纽斯复仇；福丁布拉斯为其在战场上比武丧生的父亲复仇。流血复仇的情绪笼罩全篇。三条线索以哈姆雷特的复仇为主线，其它两条为副线，交错发展，而又主次分明。

13．为了突出古希腊悲剧中的基本主题：人无法抗拒命运，人物与环境之间不依人的意志为转移而导致阴差阳错的悲惨结局，《哈姆雷特》也写到四组误杀，请用简洁的语言举出一二则。

答：四组误杀，英国国王误杀丹麦派来的信使；哈姆雷特误杀波洛纽斯和后来的雷欧提斯；克劳狄斯误杀王后。

14.请说说《哈姆雷特》中的“戏中戏”指的是什么情节?

答：王子利用戏中戏——叫向他献技的伶人演一本跟父王被害情节相似的戏《捕鼠机)，使亲临剧场的凶手露出马脚。

2、请举出剧中主人公哈姆雷特的两句经典台词，并作简要赏析。www.shanpow.com_哈姆雷特故事情节简述。

（参考答案：“生存还是毁灭，这是个值得考虑的问题。”这是哈姆雷特对生死的严肃思考，后来成为人们面对两难抉择尤其是生死抉择的共同心声。“人类是一件多么了不起的杰作！”表现了哈姆雷特对人的礼赞闪烁着人文主义的光辉。“脆弱啊，你的名字叫女人！”表现哈姆雷特对母亲屈从于新国王的满腹怨恨和指责，说明女性常表现出脆弱的性格特点是当时人们的共同观点。）

3、在《哈姆雷特》中，复仇是主要情节线索，共有那几条复仇的线索？关系如何？

(参考答案：哈姆雷特为父复仇是主线，雷欧提斯和小福丁布拉斯的复仇是副线 。三条线既互相联系，又彼此衬托。)

2、 莎士比亚刻画人物性格善于把人物放在内外两重冲突中，通过对人物内心矛盾冲突的描写来揭示人物的深度。哈姆雷特心中主要有哪些冲突?

(参考答案：哈姆雷特与以其叔父为代表的强大黑暗势力的冲突，以及老哈姆雷特被害死，其母乔特鲁德改嫁克劳狄斯等客观现实构成了外部冲突；哈姆雷特内心对理想的追求与残酷现实的冲突形成了内在冲突，在外在冲突与内在冲突此消彼涨的过程中，逐渐揭示出哈姆雷特犹豫延宕的本质特性。)www.shanpow.com_哈姆雷特故事情节简述。

3、 奥菲利亚为何会变得精神失常以至于溺水而死呢？她的死造成了怎样的结果？

（参考答案：她的生活中一下子失去了两样最重要的东西，一样是爱情，一样是亲情。并且是她的爱情导致了她亲情的完结。她受不了这样的打击。而她的死，激化了他哥哥雷欧提斯和哈姆雷特之间的矛盾。又进一步使得哈姆雷特陷入了命运的绝境。

2、《哈姆雷特》中两位女性王后乔特鲁德和大臣波洛涅斯的女儿奥菲利亚分别是怎么死的？而哈姆雷特临死前说要把王位传给谁？

（参考答案：乔特鲁德是误饮毒酒而死，奥菲利亚是精神失常后溺水而死。而哈姆雷特临死前说要把王位传给挪威王子福丁布拉斯。）

3、忧郁的个性是哈姆雷特一再错过杀掉克劳狄斯的机会，试举出剧中两个情节加以说明。

（参考答案：如在第三幕第三场中，哈姆雷特放过了正在独自做祷告的克劳狄斯，在他看来，“现在他正在洗涤他的灵魂，要是我在这个时候结束了他的性命，那么天国的路是为他开放着，这样还算是复仇吗？不！收起来，我的剑，等候一个更惨酷的机会吧；当他在酒醉以后，在愤怒之中，或是在荒淫纵欲的时候，在赌博、咒骂或是其他邪恶的行为的中间，我就要叫他颠踬在我脚下，让他幽深黑暗不见天日的灵魂永堕地狱”。于是，好好的一次刺杀的机会就这样失去了，这其中的一部分原因在于哈姆雷特有着很强的宗教观念，而另一部分也在于他性格中的迟疑和懦弱。又如，克劳狄斯在观看完《贡扎古之死》后惊愕无比，他跪下忏悔的一幕被哈姆雷特看见，以至于哈姆雷特又放过了克劳狄斯。

2、请简述《哈姆雷特》的三条情节线索，并说明其主次关系。

（参考答案：三条情节线索分别是：哈姆雷特为其父复仇，雷欧提斯为其父波洛涅斯复仇，小福丁布拉斯为其父复仇。主次关系是：哈姆雷特为其父复仇戏剧的主线；另两条是戏剧的副线。）

3、莎士比亚通过哈姆雷特之口谈了文艺创作的目的，简要地说这目的是什么？与白居易的什么名言相吻合？

（参考答案：莎士比亚通过哈姆雷特之口谈了文艺创作的目的，概要地说就是：反映时代，反映现实。用白居易的名言就是：“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作。”）

2、请简述《哈姆雷特》中奸王克劳狄斯的三个阴谋。

（参考答案：克劳狄斯的三个阴谋分别是：一、毒死兄长，篡夺王位；二、想借英国国王的刀杀死哈姆雷特；三、安排雷欧提斯与哈姆雷特比剑，并用毒酒毒死了哈姆雷特。）

3、请简述《哈姆雷特》中哈姆雷特的“疯”与奥菲利娅的“疯”有何不同。 （参考答案：哈姆雷特的“疯”是半真半假，一方面是因为父死母嫁，家庭生活的变化给予他太多的打击，内心难以承受；另一方面是因为时时要提防叔父的加害，要实现复仇的理想。奥菲利娅的“疯”是真疯，因为父亲死了，心爱的人又远离。）

2、请简述哈姆雷特的性格特点。

（参考答案：一方面，哈姆雷特出生高贵，举止优雅，博学多才，有人文精神，敬父爱母，勇敢；另一方面，哈姆雷特又在故事的发展中表现得犹豫不定，当重担压下来时扛不起，放不下，忧郁感伤，耽于幻想，几乎失去的目标。总之，他的性格是多侧面的，是在变化着的。）

3、请举出《哈姆雷特》中的一句经典台词，并作简要赏析。

（参考答案：“脆弱啊，你的名字就是女人！” 这是哈姆雷特对母亲在厄运面前表现出的屈从的揶揄，涵盖了女性在命运面前常常表现出的性格弱点，这成为大多数人对女性的共识。

或：“生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题” 这是哈姆雷特对生死的严肃的思考，是对默默忍受命运还是奋然反抗命运的痛苦抉择。这也是一个具有深广人生意义的命题。

或：“人类是一件多么了不得的杰作！” 这是哈姆雷特对人的礼赞，是莎士比亚借哈姆雷特之口说出了自己的内心感慨，反映了莎士比亚赋予《哈姆雷特》这部戏剧的人文主义内涵，成为人文主义的经典宣言。）

2、《哈姆雷特》在人物塑造上运用人物间的对比衬托手法，请列举一例并简要分析。

（参考答案：霍拉旭与罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞两人对比。前者忠于和哈姆雷特的友情，坚持正义，是哈姆雷特在危难时可以依靠、可以托付的朋友。后两者为了自己的尊荣，趋炎附势，背叛朋友，为虎作伥。剧作以后两者衬托霍拉旭的忠诚、坚定、富有正义感。

或：奥菲利娅与王后乔特鲁德的对比。同为爱情和命运的不幸者，前者纯真、善良，坚守着心中的爱和善；后者向命运屈服，耽于享乐和荣华，成为恶的猎物。前者与后者相互映衬。）

3、请简要说说《哈姆雷特》中奥菲利娅的的悲剧命运。

（参考答案：奥菲利娅是一个美丽、年轻、纯洁、不谙世事的女孩，她爱哈姆雷特，也爱自己的亲人，但是，父亲死去，所爱的人远走，使她的生活一下子失去了两样最宝贵的东西：亲情、爱情。她受不了这样的打击，发疯落水而死。她是宫廷斗争的牺牲品。）

2、莎士比亚在《哈姆雷特》中写克劳狄斯谋杀老国王后，又设置了多次误杀的情节，请简述剧中的三次误杀。www.shanpow.com_哈姆雷特故事情节简述。

（参考答案：哈姆雷特在与母亲谈话时出剑误杀了躲在帐幔后偷听谈话的波洛涅斯；克劳狄斯用预备好的毒酒准备毒杀哈姆雷特，结果误杀了王后乔特鲁德；哈姆雷特在与雷欧提斯比剑时，夺过涂有毒药的剑，刺中对方，误杀了雷欧提斯；因哈姆雷特偷拆了克劳狄斯给英国国王的信件并改动了信中的内容，英王误杀了克劳狄斯的两位使者。）

3、怎样理解《哈姆雷特》的主题？

（参考答案：《哈姆雷特》的主题就是歌颂人文主义的理想。可以说，哈姆雷特在很大程度上就是人文主义的化身。哈姆雷特向克劳狄斯复仇，可以理解为人文主义向封建等级秩序挑战，只是由于封建势力的强大和人文主义的刚刚兴起，哈姆雷特在复仇过程中最终灭亡了，但他也亲手杀死了克劳狄斯，最终继承王位的是他愿望的小福丁布拉斯。这既显示了人文主义在文艺复兴时代完全胜利的艰难性，又为人文主义的最终胜利留下了希望的曙光。）

【二】:哈姆雷特故事情节

The of Hamlet is of Denmark, son of deceased and his wife, .

The story opens on a chilly night at , the Danish royal castle. Francisco, one of the sentinels, is relieved of his watch by Bernardo, another sentinel, and exits while Bernardo remains. A third sentinel, Marcellus, enters with , Hamlet's best friend. The inform Horatio that they have seen a ghost that looks like the dead King Hamlet. After hearing from Horatio of the Ghost's appearance, Hamlet resolves to see the Ghost himself. That night, the Ghost appears again. It leads Hamlet to a secluded place, claims that it is the actual spirit of his father, and discloses that he—the elder Hamlet—was murdered by Claudius' pouring in his ear. The Ghost demands that Hamlet avenge him; Hamlet agrees, swears his companions to secrecy, and tells them he intends to "put an antic disposition on" (presumably to avert suspicion). Hamlet initially attests to the ghost's reliability, calling him both an "honest ghost" and "truepenny." Later, however, he expresses doubts about the ghost's nature and intent, claiming these as reasons for his inaction. is Claudius' trusted chief counsellor; 's son, , is returning to France, and 's daughter, , is courted by Hamlet. Both Polonius and Laertes warn Ophelia that Hamlet is surely not serious about her. Shortly afterward, Ophelia is alarmed by Hamlet's strange behaviour, reporting to her father that Hamlet rushed into her room, stared at her, and said nothing. Polonius assumes that the "ecstasy of love" is responsible for Hamlet's "mad" behavior, and he informs Claudius and Gertrude.

Perturbed by Hamlet's continuing deep mourning for his father and his increasingly erratic behavior, Claudius sends for two of Hamlet's acquaintances——to find out the cause of Hamlet's changed behavior. Hamlet greets his friends warmly but quickly discerns that they have been sent to spy on him.

Together, Claudius and Polonius convince Ophelia to speak with Hamlet while they secretly listen. When Hamlet enters, she offers to return his remembrances, upon which Hamlet questions her honesty and furiously rants at her to "get thee to a nunnery."

The "gravedigger scene" (Artist: 1839)

Hamlet remains uncertain whether the Ghost has told him the truth, but the arrival of a troupe of actors at Elsinore presents him with a solution. He will have them stage a play, The Murder of Gonzago, re-enacting his father's murder and determine Claudius's guilt or innocence by studying his reaction to it. The court assembles to watch the play; Hamlet provides an agitated running commentary throughout. When the murder scene is presented, Claudius abruptly rises and leaves the room, which Hamlet sees as proof of his uncle's guilt.

Gertrude summons Hamlet to her closet to demand an explanation. On his way, Hamlet passes Claudius in prayer, but hesitates to kill him, reasoning that death in prayer would send him to heaven. However, it is revealed that the King is not truly praying, remarking that "words" never made it to heaven without "thoughts." An argument erupts between Hamlet and Gertrude. Polonius, spying on the scene from behind an arras and convinced that the prince's madness is indeed real, panics when it seems as if Hamlet is about to murder the Queen and cries out for help. Hamlet, believing it is Claudius hiding behind the , stabs wildly through the cloth, killing Polonius. When he realizes that he has killed Ophelia's father, he is not remorseful, but calls Polonius "Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool." The Ghost appears, urging Hamlet to treat Gertrude gently, but reminding him to kill Claudius. Unable to see or hear the Ghost herself, Gertrude takes Hamlet's conversation with it as further evidence of madness.

Claudius, now fearing for his life, finds a legitimate excuse to get rid of the prince: he sends Hamlet to England on a diplomatic pretext, accompanied (and closely watched) by Rosencrantz and

Guildenstern. Alone, Claudius discloses that he is actually sending Hamlet to his death. Prior to embarking for England, Hamlet hides Polonius's body, ultimately revealing its location to the King. Upon leaving Elsinore, Hamlet encounters the army of Prince Fortinbras en route to do battle in Poland. Upon witnessing so many men going to their death on the brash whim of an impulsive prince, Hamlet declares, "O, from this time forth, / My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!" At Elsinore, further demented by grief at her father Polonius's death, Ophelia wanders the castle, acting erratically and singing songs. Her brother, Laertes, returns from France, horrified by his father's death and his sister's madness. She appears briefly to give out herbs and flowers. Claudius convinces Laertes that Hamlet is solely responsible; then news arrives that Hamlet is still alive—a story is spread that his ship was attacked by on the way to England, and he has returned to Denmark. Claudius swiftly concocts a plot to kill his nephew but make it appear to be an accident, taking all of the blame off his shoulders. Knowing of Hamlet's jealousy of Laertes' prowess with a sword, he proposes a match between the two. Laertes, enraged at the murder of his father, informs the king that he will further poison the tip of his sword so that a mere scratch would mean certain death. Claudius, unsure that capable Hamlet could receive even a scratch, plans to offer Hamlet poisoned wine if that fails. Gertrude enters to report that Ophelia has drowned. Hamlet avenged his father by killing his uncle (Artist: date unknown)

In the Elsinore churchyard, two , typically represented as "gravediggers," enter to prepare Ophelia's grave, and, although the coroner has ruled her death accidental so that she may receive Christian burial, they argue about its being a case of . Hamlet arrives with Horatio and banters with one of them, who unearths the skull of a whom Hamlet once knew, ("Alas, Poor Yorick; I knew him, Horatio."). Ophelia's funeral procession approaches, led by her mournful brother Laertes. Distraught at the lack of ceremony (due to the actually-deemed suicide) and overcome by emotion, Laertes leaps into the grave, cursing Hamlet as the cause of her death. Hamlet interrupts, professing his own love and grief for Ophelia. He and Laertes grapple, but the fight is broken up by Claudius and Gertrude. Claudius reminds Laertes of the planned fencing match.

Later that day, Hamlet tells Horatio how he escaped death on his journey, disclosing that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have been sent to their deaths instead. A courtier, , interrupts to invite Hamlet to fence with Laertes. Despite Horatio's warnings, Hamlet accepts and the match begins. After several rounds, Gertrude toasts Haml

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