【www.shanpow.com--高中作文】
【一】:2013高中英语作文模版(带翻译)
对比观点作文
_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。Moreover,______.
While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly (besides),______. Thirdly (finally),_____.
From my point of view, I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice
××变得越来越受欢迎了最近的。有两方面的观点。有些人说____是他们最喜欢的。他们拥有自己的观点的原因____。更甚的是,_____.Moreover,…。
其他人认为____是更好的选择,在接下来的三个原因。首先,_____。其次(除了),…。第三(最后),_____。 从我的观点来看,我认为_____。其原因是,_____。作为一个事实,还有一些其他原因来解释我的选择。对我来说,前者当然是个明智的选择
图标作文
As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture,____ has been on rise/ decrease, significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that _____.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand, ____.In the other hand, _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition, ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
如表中所图形/百分比在桌子/图片,____一直在上升/下降急剧上升,这将大大降低/ /在××,从____在××××。从急剧上升/下降图表所示,不用说,_____。
至少有两个很好的理由占_____。一方面,____。在另一方面,××是由于这样的事实,即…。此外,过失负责_____。也许还有些别的原因来显示…。但它,一般人都相信上述原因通常是令人信服的。
就我而言,我一直保存着那个观点的活下来的。我相信我的看法是两种声音和厚积薄发。
书信作文模板
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____.
……
I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
你的地址
今年一月,日期,
收信人的地址
亲爱的…,
我非常高兴收到你们的来信。和我想写信告诉你that_____。……
我将非常感谢回应你在方便的时候尽早/我想f0rward到你在方便的时候尽早回复。
致以最诚挚的问候,对你的健康和成功。
诚挚的,
话题作文
Nowadays, there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.
The first one is ______. Besides,_____. The third one is _____. To sum up, the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,_____. For another thing, _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.
如今,越来越多的__ _在_ _。据估计,___。为什么有那么多____吗?也许这个原因,可以如下。
第一个是…。此外,_____。第三种是_____。综上所述,它的主要原因是由于_____。现在正是时候,你有什么做在它的上面。首先,_____。另一方面,_____。所有这些措施肯定会降低一系列的重要性。
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．２． 分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
良好的俗语说- - - - - - - - - - - - - -(名言或谚语)提醒我们,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -(释义)。事实上,我们可以学习很多东西形式。
首先,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(理由一)。例如,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(举例说明)。其次,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -(理由二)。另一种情况是,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(举例说明)。此外,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(理由三)。
在我看来,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -(我的观点)。简而言之,无论你做什么,请记住这说- - - - - - -一个。如果你了解它,把它应用到学习和工作中,你会一定受益匪浅。
【二】:高考英语作文100个加分句型(句子含翻译)
高考英语作文100个加分句型(句子含翻译)
1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world. 在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。
同样句型包括：It is important/（necessary, difficult, convenient, possible）for sb. to do sth.www.shanpow.com_高中英语作文带翻译100字。
2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
(1)The+比较级..., the+比较级...
(2)比较级+and+比较级（The world is getting smaller and smaller.）
3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。
类似的句型还有：If necessary…, they can…
4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday. 记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。
5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic
我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。
6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.
人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。
7. I had a great first impression of American people.
我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。
8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.
我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。
9. With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a necessary part of our daily life and work.
随着现代科技的迅速发展，互联网已经成为生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。
10. You should read as many books as you possibly can.
大家应该尽可能的多读书。
11. China is becoming more and more prosperous because of the reform and “opening up” policy.
由于实施了改革开放政策，中国变得更加繁荣了。www.shanpow.com_高中英语作文带翻译100字。
12. We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green
places to enjoy.
我们都需要呼吸清新的空气，我们都需要饮用洁净的水，我们都需要绿地来享受。
13. Let’s work together to make our world a better place.
让我们一起努力把世界变得更加美好。
14. We should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things.
我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。
15. We should get into the good habit of using our time wisely.
我们应该养成一个好习惯，明智地利用时间。
16. What I really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month?
我的确想知道的是，他是否会在下个月出国。
17. Television is harmful to developing minds.
电视不利于开发心智。
18. Children usually have far more potential than their parents had realized
孩子们都有很大的潜能，而父母却没有意识到这一点。
19. In the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in our school.
在过去的10年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
20. People who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier. 那些花更多时间和家人在一起的人通常会更健康更幸福。
21. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。
(1)直接使用：so… that…
The job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦、太无聊，而且没完没了，这使我非常累，差点半途而废。
(2)能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有：
(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)
22. The Red Star Television Factory, which produces TV sets of quality, was set up in the 1980’s.
生产高品质电视的红星电视机厂，始建于1980年。
23. The E-reading room, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world, is open to both teachers and students.
我们可以向世界每个地方发电子邮件的电子阅览室，对老师和同学都同样开放。
24. I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company.
我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。
25. The number of workers and engineers has risen(更高级词汇：increased) to over 2000, and 80% of them are college graduates.
工人和工程师的数量已超过了2000人，而且他们有80%都是大学学历。
26. There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus. 在校园内，学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。
27. Now in the rural areas, there are many children out of school. I think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling.
现今，在农村地区还有很多孩子失学。我认为原因之一就是他们的家庭太贫困，而无法供应他们上学。
28. People should pay more attention to the education of children because they will play a very significant /(important) part/(role) in the future of our country.
人们应该增加对儿童教育的重视，因为他们会在祖国的未来扮演重要的角色。
29. In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.
到2008年，我们会看到北京像花园一样，有着更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。
30. How nice to hear from you again.
能再次收到你的来信真是太好了。
31. Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
敬盼早日回复。
I’m looking forward to meeting you in no time.
我期待与你早日相见。
32. If you have any questions or requests, please let me know.
如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。
33. No matter what you do in the future, English will always be important.
不管你将来做什么，英语都是最重要的。
34. Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有什么比接受教育更重要的事了。
35. There is no doubt that playing video game is going to be their biggest problem for students to affect study.
毫无疑问，玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学习的最大问题。
36. Obviously, it is high/(about) time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem.
显然，早该采取一些积极的措施来解决问题。
写作高手使用的高难度表达：
I suggest the department concerned taking some effective measures to improve the present situation.
我建议有关部门采取一些有效措施改善现状。
37. Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
38. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
39. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
吸烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
40. As a proverb says, /( As is well known to us,) storms make trees take deeper roots. 有句名言说道：风暴使树木深深扎根。
41. It is a great honor for me to introduce to you one of my very best friend, Liu Xiang. 很荣幸给你介绍我的一位好朋友，刘翔。
42. Coming from a family of English teachers, she always had a particular interest in English.
出于英语教师世家的她，对英语有着特别的兴趣。
描写人物性格的高级得分词汇如下：
diligent 勤奋的 energetic精力充沛的 humorous幽默的 attractive有吸引力的 modest谦虚的 optimistic乐观的 talkative健谈的 enthusiastic热情的
43. I have fully realized that English is essential to my future.
我充分认识到英语对我的未来是多么的重要。
44. I suppose electronic dictionaries are convenient, but Iead to laziness!
我觉得电子字典很方便，但会使人们变懒。
45. In conclusion, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages. 总之，出国留学的优点要大于它的缺点。
46. Now, I think it is really successful experience, and I totally understand what labor means.
现在，我想这真是一次成功的经历，并且我完全理解了劳动的意义。
47. From this earthquake, I realized that the power of the mass is endless.
通过这次的地震，我认识到了群众的力量是无穷的。
高级名言谚语活学活用。
解释：“群众的力量是无穷的”这句名言是我们自己造的，极具威力，然后再安在毛主席的头上，更显力量。最后为了增加真实性加上时间和地点，使判卷老师误以为真，根本不敢怀疑。于是，心想：“这个句子太棒了，我都没听说过！”
造句：In 1951 Chairman Mao said in Nan Jing that the power of the mass is endless.
48. If you have spare time to visit my hometown, I’d be more than happy to be your guide.
如果你有空闲时间我的家乡做客，我会非常乐意做你的导游。
49. Nowadays, both teachers and parents worry a great deal about the student’s using the Internet.
如今，老师和家长都对学生上网现象极为担心。
50. Views on the issue in question vary from person to person.
对于该问题的看法因人而异。
51. We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges.
我们被赋予新的机会和面临着新的挑战。
52. Thank you for your consideration.
感谢你的体谅。
53. I really appreciate what you’ve done for my family and me.
我衷心感谢你为我和我家人所做的一切。
We should be very grateful if you help our children with their English study.
如果你帮助我们小孩学英语，我们将感激不尽。
54. We will never forget the happy days we spent together.
我们永远都不会忘记在一起度过的日子。
55. Many people are becoming aware of the importance of exercising.
很多人开始意识到锻炼的重要性了。
56. The talk will be given at the Lecture Hall on Oct.12th, starting at 3:30p.m. 报告将在10月12日3：30在报告厅举行。
57. Students should know how to take advantage of their time.
学生应该知道如何利用他们的时间。
58. I got sick and tired of doing the routine work day after day.
我厌倦了日复一日地做一些例行公事。
【三】:励志高考英语文章带翻译
“I dread to come to the end of the year,said a friend to me recently, ”it makes me realize I am growing old.“
William James, the great psychologist, said that most men are ”old fogies at twenty-fiveHe was right. Most men at twenty-five are satisfied with their jobs. They have accumulated the little stock of prejudices that they call their “Principles, ” and closed their minds to all new ideas; they have ceased to grow.
The minutea man ceases to grow-no matter what his years-that minute he begins to be old. On the other hand, the really great man never grows old.
Goethe passed out at eighty-three, and finished his Faust only a few years earlier; Gladstone took up a new language when he was seventy. Laplace, the astronomer, was still at work when death caught up with him at seventy-eight. He died crying, “What we know is nothing; what we do not know is immense.”
And there you have the real answer to the question, “When is a man old?”
Laplace at seventy-eight died young. He was still unsatisfied, still sure that he had a lot to learn.
As long as a man can keep himself in that attitude of mind, as long as he can look back on every year and say , “I grew,” he is still young.
The minute he ceases to grow, the minute he says to himself, “I know all that I need to know,”--that day youth stops. He may be twenty-five or seventy-five, it makes no difference. On that day he begins to be old.
“我惧怕临近岁末年尾”，一位朋友最近对我说：“它使我意识到我正在变老。”
伟大的心理学家威廉?詹姆斯就曾说过，大多数人“25岁时就成了守旧落伍者”。他的话是对的。大多数人25岁时就满足于他们的工作。他们已经积累了一些他们称之为“原则”的偏见，对所有新的思想关闭心灵之门;他们已经停止成长。
一个人一旦停止成长--不管他年龄多大--他就开始衰老。反之，真正的伟人从来不会衰老。
歌德享年83岁，逝世前几年才完成《浮士德》;格莱斯顿70岁时又开始学习一门外国语;法国天文学家拉普拉斯78岁死时还在工作着。临死前，他大声喊道：“我们所知的太少太少，我们所不知的太多太多。”
“一个人何时变老?”，从这类事例中对这个问题你已经有了真正的答案。
拉普拉斯78岁逝世时依然年轻。他依旧不满足，依旧感到许多东西要学。
一个人，只要他能够保持这种心态，只要他在回首过去的一年时能够说“我在成长”，他就依然年轻。
他一旦停止成长，他一旦对自己说“我该懂的都懂了”，这个时候他的青春也就完了。他可能在25岁时死去，也可能在75岁时死去，这都没有区别。就在那一天，他开始变老。
学习啦网：学会忘记是生活的技术，学会微笑是生活的艺术。
【四】:英文简历范文带翻译
简历如同是产品的广告和说明书,是求职者给招聘单位发的第一份简要介绍。以下是学习啦小编整理的英文简历范文带翻译，以供大家参考。
英文简历范文带翻译一：
name: xxx sex: female
ethnic: chinese political features: members
academic qualifications (degree): undergraduate: english
contact tel: mobile:
contact address: xx street, dongcheng district, beijing on the 10th zip: 100007
email address: pager :
educational background
graduate institutions: hunan university 2003.9 - 2007.7 technology trade undergraduate english majors
other: other training
minor in japanese and guides
certified public accountant examination is being
work experience
* sino-us joint venture has 2009.4 ---狄姆armstrong technology co., ltd.
translation / general manager of the secretary of
to deal with all day-to-day affairs, general manager / executive director of the united states at the scene of translation of the technical training and business development / technical support to the united states, accompanied by work-site guidance / management arrangements for the meeting and the organization for translation business
* 2009.4 --- 2007.10 beijing sino-swiss joint venture zhong'an fire electronics co., ltd.
assistant manager of foreign production
responsible for switzerland, germany and hong kong's international sourcing operations / translation of various production techniques, business contract documents / assist in the implementation of the work of home-made electronic components / to organize and coordinate the production of the departmental meetings, and undertake translation work
profile
i am adaptable, responsible and diligent work, and has a good team spirit. engaged in translation and negotiations over the years, assistant work, accumulated a wealth of foreign trade negotiations and international trade experience and excellent english oral, written expression. able to skillfully operate a variety of office software and equipment to do the needs of modern office.
please give me a chance, i will also you to eye-catching glory.
i character
cheerful, modest, self-discipline, self-confidence (based on the person's circumstances).
another: the most important thing is the ability, i believe that your company will feel that i am a suitable candidate for this position!
look forward to working with your interviews!
翻译：
姓名：XXX性别：女
中国民族政治的特点：成员：
学术(学位)学历：本科：英语
联系电话：手机：
联系地址：XX街，北京市东城区10号邮编：100007www.shanpow.com_高中英语作文带翻译100字。
传呼机地址：电子邮件：
教育背景
湖南大学研究生课程：2003.9～切科技贸易本科英语专业
另：其他培训
在小日和指南
注册会计师考试是我们的
工作经验
中美合资·安切洛蒂2009.4 -科技有限公司
翻译/酒店总经理秘书
要处理的所有一天一天的事务，执行董事总经理/美国的场景在翻译的技术培训和业务开发/技术支持美国，伴随着由网站管理工作指导/安排的会议和商务组织的翻译
* 2009 2007.10——电子有限公司
国外生产经理助理
负责瑞士、德国和香港的国际采购业务/技术翻译各种商业合同生产，协助外部文件/工作/国产电子元器件的生产组织和坐标的工作和部门会议，undertake翻译
简介
我adaptable，责任和勤奋工作，良好的团队精神和团结。从事翻译和谈判的助理工作，多年来，accumulated管理对外贸易谈判和国际贸易的经验和优秀的英语口头、书面表达。skillfully能够操作各种办公软件及设备做了现代办公的需求。
请给我一个机会，我会抓住你的眼睛所以荣耀。
开朗、谦虚、自律、自信的(基于个人的情况下)。
另一个最重要的事情是：相信你的能力，我公司想觉得我适合这个职位的候选人。
工作面试前你的外观!
英文简历范文带翻译二：
尊敬的先生/小姐：
您好!我从报纸上看到贵公司的招聘信息，我对网页兼职编辑一职很感兴趣。
我现在是出版社的在职编辑，从1998年获得硕士学位后至今，一直在出版社担任编辑工作。两年以来，对出版社编辑的工作已经有了相当的了解和熟悉。经过出版者工作协会的正规培训和两年的工作经验，我相信我有能力担当贵公司所要求的网页编辑任务。
我对计算机有着非常浓厚的兴趣。我能熟练使用FrontPage和DreamWeaver、PhoteShop等网页制作工具。本人自己做了一个个人主页，日访问量已经达到了100人左右。通过互联网，我不仅学到了很多在日常生活中学不到的东西，而且坐在电脑前轻点鼠标就能尽晓天下事的快乐更是别的任何活动所不及的。
由于编辑业务的性质，决定了我拥有灵活的工作时间安排和方便的办公条件，这一切也在客观上为我的兼职编辑的工作提供了必要的帮助。 基于对互联网和编辑事务的精通和喜好，以及我自身的客观条件和贵公司的要求，我相信贵公司能给我提供施展才能的另一片天空，而且我也相信我的努力能让贵公司的事业更上一层楼。
随信附上我的简历，如有机会与您面谈，我将十分感谢。即使贵公司认为我还不符合你们的条件，我也将一如既往地关注贵公司的发展，并在此致以最诚挚的祝愿。
此致
英文：
April 13,2000
P.O. Box 36
BIIT University
Beijing,China 100000
Dear Sir/Madam:
Are you searching for a telecommunications manager with expertise in project management and team leadership?
I specialize in creating and implementing high-performance strategies that directly impact growth and profitability of large telecommunications companies. In addition to my knowledge of business processes, I also offer proficiency in telecom software development and cutting-edge technologies.
I am relocating to Shenzhen and would be interested in opportunities with your firm. Currently, I serve as manager for BIT Company‘s Information Industry Division. Briefly, some of my accomplishments include:
Developed a tool to track and forecast price,quantity,and revenue, which enables client to monitor business performance
Implemented a customized end-to-end testing process and SQL database
My business acumen, technical expertise, and leadership capabilities have contributed to a number of successful projects. The enclosed resume outlines my credentials and accomplishments in greater detail. I would welcome an opportunity to meet with you for a personal interview.
Sincerely,
Gu Bin
英文简历范文带翻译三：
Carl Parker
123, Lee St E Charleston, WV
TELL：****** Email：***********
Objective: Seeking a secondary school teacher position to impart quality English education
Summary of Qualifications
. Sound knowledge of English grammar and literature
. Proficient at communicating information effectively
. Excellent knowledge of child psychology and human behavior
. Skilled at using appropriate instructional methods for better understanding of new concepts
Professional Experience
St. Helena High School, Weston, WV June 2008 to present
English Teacher
. Prepared effective lesson plans for classroom teaching to improve students' performance
. Conducted essay competition and fun activities to increase students' engagement
. Played a major role in arranging teacher parent conferences to update parents regarding their child's progress
. Maintain class students' attendance records as per administrative policies of the school
. Initiated a bi-weekly magazine for students, resu1ting in improvement of students' writing skills remarkably
. Conducted an after school Eng1ish training for under performing students; as a result the passing percentage of class increased to 97 per cent
Pine High School, Sutton, WV June 2007 -April 2008
Teacher Assistant
. Assisted school principal in organization of various extra-curricular activities to bring about social development of students'
. Helped students with behavioral problems to mingle with other students'
. Coordinated with speech therapists to conduct special batches for students
. Executed administrative duties as the school requirement
. Assisted teachers in multiple tasks that include maintaining students' records and photocopying books
Education
Master of Arts in English
West Virginia University, Summersville, WV, 2007
B.A. degree in English
West Virginia University, Summersville, WV, 2005
Professional Affiliations
. Chairmen of American Association of Secondary Teachers, 2008
. Member of American Association of English Teachers, 2005 to 2006
Carl Parker
123, Lee St E Charleston, WV
TELL：****** Email：***********
求职目标:在中学传授高质量英语教育的教师职位
资质总结
·良好的英语语法和文学知识
·精通高效信息沟通
·洞察儿童心理学和人类行为
·为了更好理解新概念而能使用适当的教学方法
职业经验
圣赫勒拿高中，韦斯顿，西弗吉尼亚州，2008年6月至今
英语教师
·有效准备教案，提高学生课堂教学的表现
·进行征文比赛和有趣的活动，以增加学生的参与
·发挥了家长会的重要作用，以让家长及时了解他们的孩子的进步
·按照学校行政政策维持班级学生的出勤纪录
·为学生发起了一个双周杂志，学生的写作能力得到了显著改善
·对表现较差学生进行课后英语培训:其结果是合格率上升了97%
松树高中，萨顿，西弗吉尼亚州，2007年6月至2008年4月
助教
·协助校长组织、各种课外活动，帮助学生接触社会
·协助有行为问题的学生融入到其他学生当中
·协调言语治疗师为学生进行特别辅导
·按照学校规定执行行政职责
·协助教师完成多个任务，其中包括维护学生记录和复印书籍
教育背景
英语专业文科硕士
西弗吉尼亚大学，萨默斯维尔，西弗吉尼亚州，2007
英语专业学士学位
西弗吉尼亚大学，萨默斯维尔，西弗吉尼亚州，2005
专业协会会籍
·2008年美国中学教师协会主席
·2005至2006年美国英语教师协会会员
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【五】:高中英语入门学习方法
入门阶段要突出一个“练”字，就是要勤用眼，勤用耳，勤用嘴，勤用手，勤用脑。在我看来，这里最最重要的是要尽快攻下听说关。必须尽早学会张嘴说话。什么时候能做到“言论自由”了，学习英语的大门也就敞开了。
要解决听说入门，先要练语音，其次要结合基本语法，基本词形变化，口头反复操练基本句型。初学时，练的当然是简单的套话，但万丈高楼也就从此而起，不能眼高手低。普通成人初学者往往会说的不想说，因为觉得太简单幼稚。想说的又不敢说，因为怕犯错误让人看笑话。结果是一学就会，一听就懂，一过就忘，一说就错。成人的丰富思想，反而成了心理障碍。学习效果反而不如一些无所顾忌的孩子。记得我二十几岁大学刚毕业时曾教过一批准备出国的优秀中年科学工作者，其中一位就是现在复旦大学校长杨福家教授。当时我就说服他们跟我这个毛头小伙子一起咿呀学英语，讲“LittleTom”之类的小故事，天天一起操练一些最简单不过的东西。但一年半强化训练的结果表明，这种基本训练即使对这些尖端科学的中年学者也是有效的。
所谓听说能力，在入门阶段，实际上离话。东西背多了，迟早会消化，成为自己的东西。我还认为，在入门阶段，所谓听说的能力，首先就是听懂别人问题以及向别人提问题的能力。任何事物，能学会以不同问句形式(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句等)，以不同人称，不同时态、语态，问清时间、地点、经过、原因、后果等等，并能流利作答，将是入门阶段了不起的成就。当然练习问答，最好有人对练。实际上，听说能力培养的前提是一个人要有交流思想的愿望和兴趣。性格过分内向，平时就沉默寡言，一天下来，连本国语也难得说几句的人，听说关要顺利过去肯定十分困难。听说训练，当然要由近及远，由浅入深。先从日常生活开始，逐步扩大题材。这就涉及到多听多读的问题，因为吸收语言的途径无非靠眼睛看和靠耳朵听两条。现在学习英语条件好了，练习听，不论软件或硬件都有现成的。但据我平时观察，不少学生听得不够，也听得不精。五十年代时英语教师中常常提“精”和“泛”的关系，认为两者应有机结合，不能偏废。我至今仍然认为这是一条真理。我主张学生应该有计划地精听一些东西。一周准备一小时左右的材料，每周的材料反复听它七八次，听到当年我儿子听“地道战”那种程度。即使做不到倒背如流，起码也要做到听来毫无困难。如此坚持四年，肚子里有这么二百小时左右的地道英语垫底，听的困难就该解决了。不仅听，这些呼之欲出的熟悉的声音，肯定也会为说的能力打下坚实的基础。
听说能力要想提高自然还必须和阅读结合起来。读的东西多了，词汇量大了，语言现象熟悉了，听力也会受益。实际上，阅读不入门，听说也难入门。所谓入门，简单说，我认为就是要开始大量阅读，读出味道来，养成习惯。读多少才算大量阅读呢?入门阶段是否可以定它一个50-100本的指标?我大学刚毕业时，因为学生时代政治运动，社会工作太多，加上起点太低(从ABC学起)，所以基础太差，恐怕比不上今天刚入学的优等生。后来逼得没办法，只好下苦功，利用工作之余苦读。记得当时每周要上课18-24小时，每天还要下班辅导几小时，集体备课几小时，社会活动，政治活动几小时……，基本上不到晚上10点没有时间看书。就这样我几乎每天攻读到半夜一二点，星期日也基本上都背一个书包，带几个馒头，在紫竹园读一整天。甚至有时进城购物，也一路看书。走到城里，买东西来不及了，但书已看完了一半，又欣欣然空手看着书回校。一年多下来，就这样利用当时工余的可怜巴巴的一点时间，读完了一万四五千页书。事后发现，就这点书成了我英语学习的一个转折点。我并不希望年青人机械模仿，今天有人再捧着书边读边在路上走，也太危险。我只想说明阅读的作用非同小可。读些什么呢?学生们常常问。我的意见是不妨随心所欲。爱看爱情故事，就从爱情故事入手，爱读侦探小说，也不妨先看侦探小说。总之，根据个人兴趣、需要、条件决定，听其自然。因为开始时，最要紧的是要培养兴趣，养成习惯。以后读到一定程度，人们自然会有扩大范围的要求和能力。不过，从配合听说训练考虑，不妨先读些当代的小说;尤其是多读些剧本和电影脚本。因为这些书里活的语言多，学了就能用。当年我有段时间里专门读Shaw，James，Barry和Galsworthy等人的全集，就觉得对自己的口语很有帮助。总之，我不赞成过早结合理工科或其它的专业。我相信，专业英语如没有一般英语的雄厚基础，很难真正学通。当然，从长远看，读的材料也不能过偏。兴趣要广泛些。和饮食一样，挑食不好。阅读材料的难易程度一定要合适。满篇生词，阅读时大部时间在查词典，一小时只看两三页，读起来就索然无味了。也失去了大量阅读的本意。所以材料中生词难点不能过多，不能达到语言学家所说的“frustrationlevel”(使学生感到沮丧的程度)。一种合适的材料，读起来应该津津有味，爱不释手。为此，一小时七八页恐怕是起码的速度。总之，一开始材料不怕容易。只有容易，才能大量;而只有大量，才能入门。要不要查词典?开始时能不查就不查，能猜就猜。要不要记笔记?如是自己的书，精彩的地方做个记号也好，以后有空可以再重点翻翻，加深印象。但犯不着记太多笔记。记多了，花时间太多，也影响连贯阅读，而且成了一本词典，反而用处不大。这样泛泛读会有收获吗?肯定会有。这种收获也许不能具体计量，但它一定会成为你学习语言的丰富源泉。阅读入门以后，当然还要不断提高。记得北外五十年代和六十年代初提出过学生要过简易读物关，简易原著关(比如中文的英译本)和一般原著关三关，我觉得这一条今天也仍然站得住。21
大量阅读的关键是要解决词汇量太少这个拦路虎。这就成了美国小说里的“第22条军规”。要大量阅读必须有大量词汇，要有大量词汇又必须大量阅读。鸡和蛋，谁先谁后，很难说清。也许这就是两种东西相辅相成，互为因果的意思。在实际操作中，我认为特别需要记住的一点是，要扩大词汇，首先要学会区别对待“积极词汇”和“消极词汇”，也就是说不能满足于在教师指导下一个词一个词细细抠，而应该大量接触。对这大量的新词，可以只求辨认，不求甚解。只有降低掌握这些词汇的要求，才能在短期内扩大数量。反过来，也只有扩大了这些词汇，阅读中才不至于寸步难行。以后阅读大量开展了，大量的“消极词汇”就会“积极”起来，原来的“点头之交”就会成为你的“亲密战友”。
为了扩大词汇，还要学会联想，学会比较，学会举一反三。一个词的词形、发音、词义、用法都会有一些有趣的特点，能帮助我们记忆和掌握。见到一个词不妨同时想想它的同义词、反义词、派生词。在英美中学里有一门拉丁文课，据说对掌握构词法极有帮助。我们没有这门课，但同样应该重视构词法，以扩大我们的词汇。
扩大词汇能不能通过背词典的办法?我知道有不少人下过这种功夫，我本人就是一个(我曾经背过一本小词典，每天背一页，撕一页)。但回头来看，除非有特殊情况，比如在敌人牢里的革命者或当年上山下乡的知青，一般不必出此下策。因为词典收集的词不分轻重缓急，没有上下文，不利于多快好省地学习掌握。通过大量阅读来扩大词汇要容易得多。不过，在特定时期，为一个明确目标，在一定范围内进行一些词汇突击，还是可取的。记得我在大学一年级学完以后，利用一个暑假强记了三千多常用词，到了第二年，学习就显得十分主动，阅读起来也大大减少了困难。后来年级举行写作比赛，居然得了第一，使我当时受宠若惊，从此也进一步增强了学习的兴趣和信心。突击单词当然要一批一批来，恰到好处，而且一定要和阅读结合起来，不然死记硬背的东西很难在记忆中持久，也不可能学活。
以上我谈的主要都是入门阶段的一些问题。英语学习进入高级阶段以后，当然还有很多挑战。比如写作问题将日益突出。翻译能力的培训也是一个艰苦的过程。技能之外，知识又成为永无止境的探求的目标。一个学外语的人最终必然还会涉及文、史、哲、政治、经济、法律等领域。要真正成为一个有用的人才，终不能停留在语音语法词汇上。总还有整个文化素质的问题、人文修养的问题、理想的问题和气节的问题。不过这一些都不是本文的题目了。
