【www.shanpow.com--礼仪】
【一】:关于中西方餐桌礼仪的英语论文
关于中西方餐桌礼仪的英语论文
hengte983 11级 分类: 生活常识 被浏览1358次 2013.06.19
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关于中西方餐桌礼仪的英语论文,要5000字左右,内容通俗易懂。要有中国餐桌礼仪的论述,西方餐桌礼仪的论述,还要二者的比较
With the development of China’s opening-up, more and more Western culture gets into our sight. As we face with unfamiliar cultures and countries, some inevitable cultural conflicts might happen in the communication, which will seriously affect the contacts being carried out smoothly. Table manners have a decisive position in the communication between China and Western countries. During communication we will show our best image and avoid cultural conflicts. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our own impression, but also promote the benefit and strife of the company. This paper focuses on the differences of table manners between the West and China, and analyzes the reasons that caused the differences.The main difference between Chinese and western eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese host use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there. Eating No-no's Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl.Instead,lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies,the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table! Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table. Don't tap on your bowl with your chopsticks.Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite.Also, when the food is coming too slow in a restarant, people will tap their bowls. If you are in someone's home,it is like insulting the cook. Drinking Gan Bei! (Cheers! “Gan Bei” literally means “dry [the] glass”) Besides beer, the official Chinese alcoholic beverage is Bai Jiu,high-proof Chinese liquor made from assorted grains. There are varying degrees of Bai Jiu. The Beijing favorite is called Er Guo Tou, which is a whopping 56% alcohol. More expensive are Maotai and Wuliangye. Of course, the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if
the host thinks you’re in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate. People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat!
【二】:中西方餐桌礼仪差异英语
www.shanpow.com_西方餐桌礼仪常用英文表达。Differences between Chinese and Western table manners
the development of global economy, cross-culture With
communication has become more and more frequent, and the differences between Chinese and western culture have become more obvious, especially the differences of table manners.
Arrangement of seat in China
In China, people used to use the number of the tables to define the size of banquet. In small banquets which have two tables, the table on the left or farther to the portal is the top table. At bigger banquets that have three or more tables, the rules are much more complicated.
Generally, seats that closer to the top table take precedence. For example, on the wedding party, family members of the bride or the leaderships are arranged to the table that closest to the top table. Hosts show their reverences to the guests by arranging seats by this way.
Seats at one table also have different meanings. In Chinese table manner, the seat opposite to the door is the honor seat, which is for chief guests or elders; the seats beside are the second honor seat which are for other guests; the seats that opposite to the honor seat are the inferior seat. Inferior seats are for the host and hostess.
So before the banquet, hosts should first invite the chief guest or elders to the honor seat, and then invite other guests to the second honor seat. Hosts sit down on the inferior seats after all the guests sit down.
Arrangement of seat in West
Western people prefer long table to round table when entertaining friends. The host and the hostess seat at both end of the table, while guests seat at other seats. The chief guest sits at the upper right side of the hostess, and the wife of the chief guest seats at the upper right side of the host.
In China, left is honor and right is secondary. While in western, right is honor and left is secondary. The proper way to take the seat in western is to sit by the left hand. It is better not to walk out before the banquet is finished.
Tablewares between China and West
Chinese table wares involve chopsticks, small dish, bowl and glass. Chopsticks and spoon are always put together on the right hand of the plate. Toothpick and ashtray are also necessary.
Chopsticks are the main table wares in Chinese food culture. It is impolite to use chopsticks to clean tooth, or pick other things that aren’t food. It is also bad manner to talk with chopsticks in hand.
The right way to use spoon is: scoop the food, and wait for seconds to make sure that the soup will not splash out, and then move the spoon back. It is impolite to put the spoon in to mouth, or lick the spoon over and over again.
In western meals , they use so much table wares with different kinds and sizes. the use of table wares also shows different food culture in different countries, the main table wares in western are knives, forks , spoons , glass and napkin.
Knife is used to cut food and fork is used to carry food into mouth. during the dinner, you should put them on both sides of the plate, and knife and fork should be put in the way that looks like the Chinese word “八”.
You can also use them in a way that handle knife in your right hand and fork in the left hand. Soup spoon is always put on the outermost right side, together with the knife. Dessert spoon is put together with dessert knife and fork.
Different atmospheres at table
Noisy and quiet is the main different of table atmosphere between Chinese and western. Chinese table atmosphere always noisy and always the noisier the better. While western table atmosphere is quiet.
. In China,people begin to talk at the time they sit down, and they would keep talking during the whole dinner. Everybody at the table talking, drinking, eating, and enjoying the pulsating atmosphere. Noisy atmosphere can reflect the guests’ happiness from their hearts.
Westerners also talk at table, but they talk quietly and keep the voice at
the stage that can only be heard. You can not make noises when drinking soup. Chewing with your mouth closed and do not making noises when eating.
The way to finish eating
At Chinese dinner table, after eating, the chopsticks should put orderly at the right side of the bowl, and leave after the host signals to leave. Hosts should signal after all the guests put down their chopsticks.
At western dinner table, the ways to finish eating is to put the knife and fork together on the plate parallel, with the fork’s back side up and the knife’s edge inside.
Through comparing the table manners of Chinese and Western countries and keeping pace with the changing world can be more meaningful to all people.
【三】:商务英语口语实训心得体会3篇
作为一门应用学科,商务英语既要让学生学习丰富的商务知识,又要学习商务方面的各种英语表达,提高商务英语综合水平。下面是带来的商务英语口语实训心得体会,希望大家喜欢。
篇一:商务英语口语实训心得体会
通过大量的口语练习和实践,逐步培养学生敢于开口说英语, 培养较为正确的语音语调。重点训练交际功能,培养和提高学生用英语进行口头交际的能力,加强培养学生看图说话、话题叙述及辩论能力,并逐步丰富口头词汇量及功能短语和句子,同时帮助学生了解主要英语国家的文化背景和生活习俗。 通过本课程的学习,学生初步学会就日常生活中的一般情景进行恰当的交谈;能比较准确地表达思想,重点训练学生较连贯地用英语表达思想,丰富口头词汇和句型;能在口头表达英语时注重中西方文化的差异; 能使用得体的语言,语音、语调较正确, 语流较顺畅,表达的句子能较好地传情达意;经一定的口头准备后, 能就社会生活中的一般话题进行连贯发言(3-5分钟);对日常话题能初步学会用英语进行辩论。
在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时,重视培养学生的实际使用英语进行交际的能力。以培养学生实际运用语言的能力为目的,突出教学内容的实用性和针对性。
不仅要使学生系统地掌握了英语日常口语,了解了语言的文化含义,能使用本族人普遍接受的语言,更重要的是要促进了学生思辨能力的形成与发展,提高学生运用知识思考分析问题、提出见解的能力。
篇二:商务英语口语实训心得体会
在对英语几乎已经形同陌路的大三,来个商务英语口语实训,像是一个结婚已久的女子突然又有了初恋的感觉,为什么要比喻成女子呢,因为我觉得英语本来应该和女子和恋爱一般美好。两周的商务英语口语实训已经结束了,在这短短的两周时间内真是受益匪浅。通过这两个周的实训,我像是回到了学习英标和英语对白的中学时代。虽然很多东西包括单词看来的感觉是似曾相识,但起码,我曾经拥有过。
本实训旨在使学生更加重视英语口语训练并掌握口语表达的有效技巧,使学生进一步强化英语口语能力以适应职业的需要,从而培养较强的商务英语口语实际交际能力。通过本实训,介绍几种有效提高听力和口语的学习方法,力图克服学生开口难的畏惧心理,最终为学生提高商务英语的应用能力、增强商务环境下的英语口头沟通能力提供具有建设性的语言学习启示,从而建立起具有持续性的语言学习能力。
本次商务英语口语实训主要包括三个部分,下面会详细的说明。通过这三个部分的训练,培养学生用英语朗读各种题材书面材料的能力,培养学生在没有文字凭借的情况下用英语表达自己的观点的能力,清楚而逻辑的论证自己的观点的能力,培养在特定的商务情境下不借助文字辅助资料进行连贯而得体的交谈的能力。实训要求学生认真参与、刻苦训练,在准备阶段能运用各种工具解决所遇到的问题,必要时能进行成功地团结合作,在检查中能自如发挥,独立完成所要求的任务。
第一部分: 快学国际英标
快学国际英标是从基础的音标开始练习的。老师首先讲解了基础音标的读法,通过重新学习语音音标,让我对音标有了新的认识,发现了我以前在读音标时存在许多错误。对于口语中常出现的惯例性的特定读法,老师也给与我们及时的改正。让我们的英语口语更流畅,更标准。
在学习了基本音标的基础上,有根据这些音标列举出常见的单词、短语、例句,让我们能更好的消化这一读音,让我们的发音更标准。
通过音标的学习让我认识到准确的学习音标为我的英语口语发音打下了良
好的基础,成为我学习英语的优势。通过英语音标记单词是快速记背单词的最有效的一种方法。如果熟练掌握了英语音标发音的规律,就能很好的背下单词。通过基础语音训练让我确信它确实带给我很大的改变,可以培养我的语感。而英语学习的最高境界就是语感的形成。这不仅让我们的口语变得更流畅、标准,也会在我们的英语笔试考试中起到极其重要的作用。
第二部分:商务英语口语实训商务英语实习报告一:interview
这一节包括的内容主要是能够流利、准确的说出选择一份工作原因,在面试时最重要的是什么,在面试时应做的准备工作,包括:面试前、面试中、面试后。
通过面试的口语对话练习,让我了解到面试时的常用语。通过把学到的英语知识运用到实际中,锻炼了我们的口语能力。同时面试也是我们步入社会的第一步,对我们的将来起着极其重要的作用。
二:reception and visit
这一部分学习的内容主要是如何向外宾致欢迎词,如何与外商进行对话,以及与外商讨论公司合作的有关事宜。
通过学习这一部分的知识,使客人更好地了解我们的公司,相信我们的公司,才能更好的进行交流合作。
三:meeting and organization
明确叙述会议的目的核对并记录与会者。根据议事日程顺序提出每个项目,然后进行讨论,征求有关与会者的意见。给每一个人表述自己意见的机会。控制讨论过程。如果发生与论题无关或深入到不必要的细节上,应及时引导到议题本身。如果讨论变得复杂,出现各种不同的见解时,你要根据自己的理解将各种观点加以概括。坚持预定的时间,不要拖延。在每个项目讨论结束后加以概括,以便决策或达成结论。在会议结束时,对已取得的结果进行概括。如确有必要进一步讨论,可以推迟到下一次会议。确定下次会议的议题和时间。
四:negotiation
协商协议是协商各方需遵守的约束彼此行为的准则。根据协商模式的不同,目前存在以下三种协商:(1)服务商提供支持的协商(服务商仅提供协商服务,但不参与协商);(2)买方或卖方自行协商;(3)第三方参与的协商。
五:marketing and sales
市场销售是对外贸易也是商务活动中重要组成部分,其中包括市场调查、产品介绍、销售产品、售后服务等方面。只有进行良好的市场调查才能更好的销售商品。应正确的介绍产品,并安排正确的销售手段、提供最好的售后服务。只有做好这些,才能销售好商品。
七:business telephone
作为公司的代表,你打电话的举止应该是无可挑剔的。许多在打电话时举止粗鲁的工作人员给自己的行为找理由,说那是可以接受的,甚至理应如此,因为他们正在工作。但这是说不通的。你实际上是在为公司树立形象,因此应该就像面见对方一样尽可能打好电话。有选择地接电话是可以的,有时甚至是必要的。但是如何做则有正误之分。首先训练你的秘书要有礼貌。最好问我能问是哪位打来的吗?,而不是谁呀?,更不是谁在打电话?。第二,不要教你的秘书在你在的时候说不在。说工作太忙无暇通话是可以接受的以诚相待永远是上策。打电话的人能听出不同,况且,如果你总不在也不太好。不回电话是无礼的不管电话来自何人。你或许会错过一个可能成为客户的人。当今许多人不屑回电话,但如果你身为别人的雇员,如此行为恐怕难以接受。当你能够回电话时,尽量自己做。如果你必须先让你的秘书代劳,那么应尽快接过电话。如果电话是你打的,让对方久等是不礼貌的。
八:business dinner
这一课主要学习的是餐桌上如何点餐以及正确的餐桌礼仪。
良好的餐桌礼仪能够给我们的顾客留下良好的印象,获得更多的青睐。给我们带来无限的商机。
九::business presentation
在进行产品介绍前要通过三步选好自己的主题。一是确定为什么要选择这件商品,既要容易表达也要有足够的特点。二是要明确听众是什么类型。如果是同行,就要提供更多的信息。如果只是顾客,就要提出吸引他们的地方。三是明确听众知道些什么关于产品的知识,想知道些什么。通过这些过程,一定可以做出吸引人眼球的产品介绍会。
第三部分:考核
考核的方式主要是通过以小组的形式进行一样产品的产品介绍会。除了通过上面的方式进行产品介绍会的设计外,在考核而过程中,我还学到了其他知识。
在产品介绍会的开场白时,可以设计一些悬念,提高整个介绍会的趣味性。在结尾时也可以给顾客一些启发性的话语,提高整个介绍会的层次。也可以是一些煽动性的话语,提高顾客的购买欲望。PPT的制作演示过程也是极其重要的一部分,通过它来吸引住全场观众的眼球。此外,也可以在介绍会进行时提供一些样品、试用装等,带动整个场面。产品介绍会不仅要准备充分的知识,也需要一些技巧手段来渲染氛围。
经过为时两个周的商务英语口语实训,通过主题介绍、情景对话、单词注解、常用句型、阅读材料、听力材料等手段进行训练,让我进一步的掌握了口语表达的有效技巧,提高了商务英语口语实际交际能力。培养了我用英语朗读各种题材书面材料的能力,培养了我在没有文字凭借的情况下用英语表达自己的观点的能力,清楚而用逻辑的论证自己的观点的能力,培养在特定的商务情境下不借助文字辅助资料进行连贯而得体的交谈的能力。使我能够在应聘、接待(访问)、销售、商务电话、商务会餐、产品介绍会等方面熟练地运用学过的知识,提高了商务英语口语实际交际能力。同时语感的培养也极大的提高了我的英语笔试水品,有利于英语成绩的提高。
篇三:商务英语口语实训心得体会
商务英语口语实训已经结束了,通过为期两周的学习,我受益匪浅,口语能力得到了一定的提高,同时还学到了许多英语知识。 本实训旨在使学生更加重视英语口语训练并掌握口语表达的有效技巧,使学生进一步强化英语口语能力以适应职业的需要,从而培养较强的商务英语口语实际交际能力。通过本实训,介绍几种有效提高听力和口语的学习方法,力图克服学生开口难的畏惧心理,最终为学生提高商务英语的应用能力、增强商务环境下的英语口头沟通能力提供具有建设性的语言学习启示,从而建立起具有持续性的语言学习能力。
本次商务英语口语实训主要学习了国际音标和情景剧练习。通过这两大部分的训练,培养了我们用英语朗读各种题材书面材料的能力,培养我们在没有文字凭借的情况下用英语表达自己的观点的能力,清楚而逻辑的论证自己的观点的能力,培养在特定的商务情境下不借助文字辅助资料进行连贯而得体的交谈的能力。 实训要求我们认真参与、刻苦训练,在准备阶段能运用各种工具解决所遇到的问题,必要时能进行成功地团结合作,在检查中能自如发挥,独立完成所要求的任务。
学习的第一大部分是国际音标。标准英语中共有48个音标,其中20个为元音音标,28个辅音音标。发音时声带振动且气流在通路上不受发音器官阻挡的是元音。发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官阻挡的是辅音。老师首先讲解了基础音标的读法,通过重新学习语音音标,让我对音标有了新的认识,发现了我以前在读音标时存在许多错误。对于口语中常出现的惯例性的特定读法,老师也给与我们及时的改正。让我们的英语口语更流畅,更标准。 在学习了基本音标的基础上,有根据这些音标列举出常见的单词、短语、例句,让我们能更好的消化这一读音,让我们的发音更标准。 通过音标的学习让我认识到准确的学习音标为我的英语口语发音打下了良好的基础,成为我学习英语的优势。通过英语音标记单词是快速记背单词的最有效的一种方法。如果熟练掌握了英语音标发音的规律,就能很好的背下单词。通过基础语音训练让我确信它确实带给我很大的改变,可以培养我的语感。而英语学习的最高境界就是语感的形成。这不仅让我们的口语变得更流畅、标准,也会在我们的英语笔试考试中起到极其重要的作用。
学习的第二大部分是商务英语情景剧练习。第一章《interview》包括的内容主要是能够流利、准确的说出选择一份工作原因,在面试时最重要的是什么,
在面试时应做的准备工作,包括:面试前、面试中、面试后。 通过面试的口语对话练习,让我了解到面试时的常用语。通过把学到的英语知识运用到实际中,锻炼了我们的口语能力。同时面试也是我们步入社会的第一步,对我们的将来起着极其重要的作用。第二章《reception and visit》学习的内容主要是如何向外宾致欢迎词,如何与外商进行对话,以及与外商讨论公司合作的有关事宜。 通过学习这一部分的知识,使客人更好地了解我们的公司,相信我们的公司,才能更好的进行交流合作。第三章《meeting and organization》学习的主要内容是组织会议的流程,包括会议的开始,回顾过去,陈述会议目标,重申会议重点,提醒大家注意时间,评论与反馈,结束会议等等。第四章《negotiation》主要讲的是谈判的一些技巧,比如如何开始谈判,如何理解和赞同对方或反对和不赞同对方,如何进行讨价还价,如何结束谈判等等。第五章《marketing and sales》市场销售是对外贸易也是商务活动中重要组成部分,其中包括市场调查、产品介绍、销售产品、售后服务等方面。只有进行良好的市场调查才能更好的销售商品。
确的介绍产品,并安排正确的销售手段、提供最好的售后服务。只有做好这些,才能销售好商品。第六章《advertising and public relations》主要讲了公司怎样去做一些广告宣传,比如如何确定广告的目标和战略,如何制定广告的预算,如何设计广告的信息及如何处理公关关系等等。第七章《business telephone》主要讲的是当你不能亲自前往时,电话可以帮助你实现预定宾馆房间、进行商务预约、寻求商品信息、上午留言等方面的要求。,这样既可以节约时间,又可以不影响到商务活动。同时也学习了如何根据传真的信息进行电话通话,如何在与外国客户的交谈中获取更多的信息。第八章《business dinner》这一课主要学习的是餐桌上如何点餐以及正确的餐桌礼仪。 良好的餐桌礼仪能够给我们的顾客留下良好的印象,获得更多的青睐。给我们带来无限的商机。第九章《business presentation》在进行产品介绍前要通过三步选好自己的主题。一是确定为什么要选择这件商品,既要容易表达也要有足够的特点。二是要明确听众是什么类型。如果是同行,就要提供更多的信息。如果只是顾客,就要提出吸引他们的地方。三是明确听众知道些什么关于产品的知识,想知道些什么。通过这些过程,一定可以做出吸引人眼球的产品介绍会。
经过为时两个周的商务英语口语实训,通过主题介绍、情景对话、单词注解、常用句型、阅读材料、听力材料等手段进行训练,让我进一步的掌握了口语表达的有效技巧,提高了商务英语口语实际交际能力。培养了我用英语朗读各种题材
书面材料的能力,培养了我在没有文字凭借的情况下用英语表达自己的观点的能力,清楚而用逻辑的论证自己的观点的能力,培养在特定的商务情境下不借助文字辅助资料进行连贯而得体的交谈的能力。使我能够在应聘、接待(访问)、销售、商务电话、商务会餐、产品介绍会等方面熟练地运用学过的知识,提高了商务英语口语实际交际能力。同时语感的培养也极大的提高了我的英语笔试水品,有利于英语成绩的提高。
【四】:英语教学方法有哪些
对于英语的教学,有什么好方法呢?下面是小编收集整理的英语教学方法以供大家学习。
英语教学方法有哪些(一)
新时期基础教育课程改革,无疑是中国教育史上的一场巨大变革。课堂教学