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完成进行时一:英语现在完成进行时的用法大全
一、往期回顾
英语现在进行时的用法大全
英语一般现在时的用法大全
英语一般过去时的用法大全
英语一般将来时的用法大全
英语现在完成时的用法大全
英语过去进行时的用法大全
英语过去进行时的用法大全
英语过去完成时的用法大全
英语过去将来时的用法大全
二、现在完成进行时
（一）定义
表示动作从过去时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚终止，或者会继续。如：
I have been reading Ba Jing lately. （最近以来我一直在看巴金的作品。）
句中的read，是过去就开始，持续到现在，并且可能还会持续下去的。
（二）基本结构
现在完成进行时的句子结构一般为：
主语 have/has been doing 其他成分
如：
We have been working hard these days. （这些天来，我们一直在努力工作。）
Amy has been playing her radio all morning. （艾米整个上午一直开着她的收音机。）
（三）主要用法
1、表示过去开始但刚刚结束的动作。如：
What have you been doing? It"s two o"clock! （你刚才在干什么呢？都两点了！）
2、表示过去开始但仍在持续的动作。如：
He has been playing the piano since he was six. （他从6岁起就一直弹钢琴。）
【注意】
表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。如：
I have known him for years. （我认识他已经好几年了。）
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love、like、hate等。
（四）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1、现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
I have read the novel. （我看过这部小说了。）
I have been reading the novel. （我一直在看这部小说。）
2、有些情况下，两者的含义相同。如：
He has been living in this city for five years.
He has lived in this city for five years.
两个句子都表示：他在这个城市已经住了5年了。（动作还将继续下去）
（五）小试牛刀
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
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完成进行时二:现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时，是英语中，动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。（与since，for连用时，要用连续性动词，不可用瞬间动词，但连续性动词常常表示动作会进行下去）
也可以表示某种经历。
但注意，现在完成进行时所应用的语境必须是现在（now等状语的提示或者根据上下文、语境）的，不能应用在过去的语境（如出现明确表示是在过去某一个时刻的状语）
中文名
现在完成进行时
外文名
Present perfect continuous
词 性
动词
类 型
英语时态
目录
1 构成形式
2 基本句型
3 用法
4 对比
5 注意
6 练习
一
二
构成形式
编辑
I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
基本句型
编辑
肯定式 第一人称 have been doing sth.
疑问式 Have 第一人称 been doing sth.
简略回答 Yes， 第一人称 have. No， 第一人称 haven"t.
肯定式 第三人称 has been doing sth.
疑问式 Has 第三人称been doing sth.
简略回答 Yes， 第三人称has. No， 第三人称hasn"t.
1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack has been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
标志:1.句中常有延续性动词[1] ，2.时间点前有since。
用法
编辑
现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)
主语+have/has+been+动词-ing(延续性动词)
（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English three years ago.三年以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。（动作还将继续下去）
（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。
I have writted a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。（动作还将继续下去）
They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。（动作已经完成）
（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。
* I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，think想等等。
（六）一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同
延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用，句意相同。例如：
She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已经睡了6个小时，到现在还没有醒来。
(七）表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性
It has been raining for 3 days。已经下了3天的雨了（现在还没停止）
对比
编辑
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn"t handed in his paper?（强调有包装，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He"s already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
注意
编辑
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。
现在完成时态可表示做完的事情以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。
在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如：
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词+其他
一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
练习
编辑
一
Part 1
A. Correct the following sentences. 订正以下的句子
All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine.
I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.
What have you been doing before you left Oxford?
It"s a good job. Have you done it all by yourself?
It"s a long time since you come to see me.
Alice didn"t see much of Henry lately.
I"m glad to tell you that you passed the exam.
Key：
1. are→have been
2. have been drinking→have drunk
3. have→had
4. Have you done→Did you do
5. come→came
6. didn"t seen→hasn"t seen
7. passed→have passed
Part 2
B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 选出正确的一项
You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.
Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
key
1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played 4. wondered 5. have been waiting
Part 3
C. Make the best choices.作出正确选择
— I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so.He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing
By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建) A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (2007湖南) A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建) A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked
—I have got a headache. —No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked
The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (2007上海) A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling
Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
—______ you ______ him around the museum yet? —Yes. We had a great time there.(2007江苏) A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
—Hi, Tracy，you look pale. —I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
key： 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABAC
二
单项选择
Both his parents look sad .
Maybe they _________what"s happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
He has _______ been to Shanghai， has he ？
A. already B.never C.ever D. still
Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
—Our country ______ a lot so far.
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed ； well B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； better
Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.
A. was ； studying B. will ； study C. has ； studied D. are ； studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
—These farmers have been to the United States.
—Really ？ When _____ there ？
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
—______ you ___ your homework yet？
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.
A. Did； do； finished B. Have； done； finished C. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finish
His father ______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
—Do you know him well ？
— Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
—How long have you ____ here？
—About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
Hurry up！ The play __________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
It _____ ten years since he left the army.
A.is B.has C.will D.was
参与答案：abbdc，ccbbb，dcaab
完成进行时三:现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）
（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作两年了。
（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
* I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，
hate讨厌，等。
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn"t handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He"s already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn"t.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
现在完成进行时 :
其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
功用如下：
1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。
现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以
