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英语符合从句篇一:英语的各种从句
学习英语的各种从句，请看《奥巴马总统就职演说》全文
各种从句的分类
Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address
巴拉克·奥巴马总统就职演说
My fellow citizens:
1. I stand here today humbled by the task before
us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed （定语从句）, mindful of the
sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his
service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he
has shown throughout this transition. （定语从句）
【语法分析】
第一句：stand是谓语，是不及物动词。Humbled…/ grateful…/
mindful…是三个并列的主语补足语，补充说明主语所处的状态。（有的语法书称之为伴随状语）
第二句： than…for是短语；介词for带有两个宾语：his…/ as well
as…。
2. Forty-four Americans have now taken the
presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides
of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often
the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At
these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the
skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People
have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to
our founding documents.
（状语从句，the people是We的同位语）
（这一段基本上都是用的完成时态，前面的句子都是用的被动语态。Carry
on为什么没有用被动语态呢？这里用America指代美国人，有双重含义：美国/美国人,所以用了主动语态。We大写了，起强调作用，the
people是We的同位语。
Remain是联系动词，带有两个表语）
3. So it has been. So it must be with this
generation of Americans.
So是句中的表语，前置了，可以称为半倒装句。
4. That we are in the midst of crisis （主语从句）
is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a
far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly
weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the
part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices
and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs
shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our
schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that
the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our
planet. （同位语从句）
【语法分析】
a consequence
of是符合介词，相当于 in a
consequence of；Homes have been lost; jobs shed;
businesses shuttered. 完成时被动语态，后面两个句子中省去了have been.
5. These are the indicators of crisis, subject
to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is
a sapping伤元气 of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that
America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must
lower its sights. (同位语从句)
【语法分析】
1.
subject to相当于复合介词，subject是形容词。
2.
Less measurable but no less
profound是句中的并列表语，这个句子是倒装句，主语是a sapping伤元气 of confidence
across our land…
3.
fear是sapping的同位语；后面的两个that 从句都是fear的同位语从句。
6. Today I say to you that the challenges we face
are real （宾语从句）. They are serious and they are many. They will not
be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America -
they will be met.
【语法分析】
1. 第一句由三个句子组成，say带有宾语从句，we
face是challenges的定于从句。
7. On this day, we gather because we have chosen
hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
（状语从句）
【语法分析】
unity of purpose over conflict and
discord.是choose的并列宾语。奥巴马演讲的特点之一就是省去了很多并列连词and，使用了很多排比句。
8. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the
petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn
out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
（非限制性定语从句）
【语法分析】
that
引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。在基础语法里that是不能引导非限制性定语从句的。只要我们读过夸克等人编写的《当代英语语法（英语语法大全）》就知道，有时候that也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
9. We remain a young nation, but in the words of
Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time
has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better
history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea,
passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that
all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue
their full measure of happiness. （同位语从句）
【语法分析】
that从句是promise的同位语从句。
10. In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we
understand that greatness is never a given （宾语从句）. It must be
earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling
for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for
those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of
riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers,
the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women
obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged
path towards prosperity and freedom. （非限制性定语从句）
【语法分析】
understand后面是宾语从句。who引导的是非限制性定语从句。
11. For us, they packed up their few worldly
possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
12.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled
the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard
earth.
13.For us, they fought and died, in places like
Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh.
14.Time and again these men and women struggled and
sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might
live a better life（目的状语从句） . They saw America as bigger than the
sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences
of birth or wealth or faction.
【语法分析】
so
that引导的是目的状语从句。最难理解的语法现象是as的用法。这里的saw相当于regard。习惯用法是regard sth. as
+adj. 把什么看着…. 这里的saw还相当于understood.
15. This is the journey we continue today （定语从句）.
We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our
workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our
minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed
than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity
remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting
narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time
has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust
ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
【语法分析】
we continue today是定语从句。这一段里有很多省略句。Remain是连系动词。
16. For everywhere we look （定语从句）, there is work to
be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift,
and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new
foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the
electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us
together （定语从句）. We will restore science to its rightful place, and
wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower
its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to
fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our
schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new
age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.
【语法分析】
we look 定语从句。bold and swift,插入语。that feed our
commerce and bind us together.定语从句。
17. Now, there are some who question the scale of
our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too
many big plans （并列的定语从句）. Their memories are short. For they have
forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and
women can achieve （并列的并语从句） when imagination is joined to common
purpose, and necessity to courage.
【语法分析】
who question the scale of our ambitions - who
suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big
plans.并列的定语从句。what this country has already done what free men ；and
women can achieve宾语从句。when imagination is joined to common purpose,
and necessity to courage.时间状语从句。
18. What the cynics fail to understand （主语从句）is
that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political
arguments （表语从句） that have consumed us for so long no longer
apply.（定语从句） The question we ask today（定语从句） is not whether our
government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether
it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford,
a retirement that is dignified.（并列的表语从句） Where the answer is
yes,（状语从句） we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, （状语从句
）programs will end. And those of us who manage the public’s dollars
（定语从句）will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits,
and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we
restore the vital trust between a people and their
government.（状语从句，从句内进行了倒装）
19. Nor is the question before us whether the
market is a force for good or ill（表语从句）. Its power to generate
wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has
reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of
control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only
the prosperous（并列的宾语从句）. The success of our economy has always
depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on
the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity
to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the
surest route to our common good.（并列的原因）（because从句仍然可以看做状语从句）
20. As for our common defense, we reject as false
the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers,
faced with perils we can scarcely imagine（定语从句）, drafted a charter
to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded
by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world,
and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so to all
other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the
grandest capitals to the small village where my father was
born（定语从句）: know that America is a friend of each nation and every
man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and
that we are ready to lead once more.（并列的宾语从句）
21. Recall that earlier generations faced down
fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with
sturdy alliances and enduring convictions.（宾语从句） They understood
that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to
do as we please. （并列的宾语从句，后一个句子倒装了）Instead, they knew that our
power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the
justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering
qualities of humility and restraint.（并列的宾语从句）
22. We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by
these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that
demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and
understanding between nations（定语从句）. We will begin to responsibly
leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in
Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work
tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter
of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor
will we waver in its defense, （并列句，倒装句）and for those who seek to
advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering
innocents,（定语从句） we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and
cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
（并列的宾语从句）
23. For we know that our patchwork heritage is a
strength, not a weakness（宾语从句）. We are a nation of Christians and
Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by
every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and
because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and
segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more
united （状语从句）, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds
shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve;
that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal
itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new
era of peace. （并列的并语从句）
24. To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward,
based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders
around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society’s
ills on the West(leaders的定语从句) - know that your people will judge
you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling
to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of
dissent, （those的定语从句） know that you are on the wrong side of
history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to
unclench your fist.（并列的宾语从句，宾语从句带有if引导的状语从句）
25. To the people of poor nations, we pledge to
work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters
flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those
nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty,（定语从句） we say we can
no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor
can we consume the world’s resources without regard to
effect.（并列的宾语从句，后一个是倒装句） For the world has changed, and we must
change with it. （for引导的是并列句）
26.As we consider the road that unfolds before us
（状语从句）, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans
who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant
mountains (定语从句). They have something to tell us today, just as the
fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages (定语从句).
We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty,
but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to
find meaning in something greater than themselves （并列的原因状语从句）. And
yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation
（定语从句）- it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all
(定语从句).
27. For as much as government can do and must do,
it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people
upon which this nation relies (定语从句). It is the kindness to take in
a stranger when the levees break (状语从句), the selflessness of
workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose
their job which sees us through our darkest hours.
(有两个定语从句，另外than引导的是比较状语从句) It is the firefighter’s courage to storm
a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to
nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
(相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句)
28. Our challenges may be new. The instruments
with which we meet them(定语从句) may be new. But those values
upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and
fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -
(定语从句)these things are old. These things are true. They have
been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is
demanded (主语从句)then is a return to these truths. What is
required of us now (主语从句)is a new era of responsibility
- a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have
duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we
do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the
knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so
defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult
task. (这个句子很复杂，是responsibility - a
recognition的同位语从句，duties后面带有定语从句，that there is
nothing也是一个同位语从句)
29. This is the price and the promise of
citizenship.
30. This is the source of our confidence - the
knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
(同位语从句)
31. This is the meaning of our liberty and our
creed - why men and women and children of every race and every
faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why
a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been
served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a
most sacred oath. (两个why引导的句子都可以看做是同位语从句，a man带有定语从句)
32. So let us mark this day with remembrance, of
who we are and how far we have traveled. （介词of的宾语从句） In the year of
America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots
huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The
capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was
stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution
was most in doubt （定语从句）, the father of our nation ordered these
words be read to the people:（使用虚拟语气的宾语从句）
33. "Let it be told to the future world...that in
the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could
survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common
danger, came forth to meet [it]." （并列的宾语从句）
34. America. In the face of our common dangers, in
this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words.
With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and
endure what storms may come （宾语从句）. Let it be said by our
children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this
journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with
eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth
that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future
generations. （可以看做是let的宾语从句，it是形式宾语，这个并列句才是真正的宾语。
Thank you! God bless you! God bless America!
英语符合从句篇二:高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习
同位语从句讲义及练习
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We"ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：
1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.
A. what B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can"t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。
巩固性练习：
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. hat B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I"ve come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won"t be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient"s fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
(同位语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)
英语符合从句篇三:英语从属复合句与连接词的用法
1.什么是从属复合句
英语复合句是指有两个或两个以上的单句（单句指的是五种基本句型中的任何一个）组成的句子，有并列复合句与从属复合句之分，从属复合句是一个句子（从句）充当另一个句子（主句）的句子成分。从属复合句的特点是从句与主句不能相互独立成句，也就是说把主句与从句分开的话，为造成句子成分残缺与句子意思不完整。
2.从属复合句的分类
从属复合句是一个句子充当另一个句子的句子成分，所以从属复合句的分类可以按句子成分进行分类。按句子成分，从属复合句可以为：定语从句，状语语从句，主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，以及同位语从句。从属复合句也可以按词性进行分类，分为：形容词性从句，副词性从句和名词性从句。
3.从属复合句的连接词
所有复合句的连接词都起到连接主句与从句的作用，英语从句的连接词就如火车车厢的的连接处一样，一般两节车厢需要一个连接，一般三节车厢需要两个连接，以此类推。在连接词的使用上我们在考虑其在从句中的语法成分（语法功能）和连接词本身的含义（表意功能）。不同类型的从属复合句其连接词的用法有所不同，形容词性从句（定语从句）的连接词叫关系词，关系词可以在从句中充当句子成分，关系词的含义取决于先行词。名词性从句的连接词，大部分连接词要在从句中充当语法成分，也有部分连接词（that, weather, as if等）不在从句中充当语法成分，名词性从句连接词的含义为其本身。副词词性从句（状语从句）的连接词不在从句中充当语法成分，只起到连接主句与从句和表明主句与从句之间的逻辑关系。
4.各种从属复合句的具体用法
