【www.shanpow.com--英语作文】
【一】:双语阅读 英语文摘 人一天最重要的40分钟
人一天最重要的40分钟,你用好了吗? 英语生活贴士 The Forty Most Important Minutes Each Day: Are You Using Them Well? 人一天最重要的40分钟，你用好了吗？
Recently I had a conversation in Beijing with an adult Chinese friend who was complaining how difficult it is to study English. No surprises there. It is a difficult language to master, just like Chinese.
最近我在北京听一位中国朋友吐槽英语难学。这并不奇怪，英语跟中文一样，都不好学。 I made a few suggestions based on my own experience. One involved a very valuable fact which I learned from my high school Latin and Greek teacher. He was a Jesuit priest, a gifted linguist, and had an amazing ability to memorize things, like poetry, essays, speeches, etc.
根据亲身经历，我有几点建议，其中也包括我高中拉丁语和希腊语老师的真传。这位老师是名耶稣会的牧师，很有语言天分，对诗歌、论文、演讲等记忆力超群。
His advice to us students was that for memorization purposes, there are forty minutes each day in which our memory is vastly more receptive than it is during the other 23 hours and 20 minutes. This 40-minute “super memory” period is divided into two parts: the 20 minutes before we sleep, and the 20 minutes after we first awake.
他告诉我们这些学生，人在一天之中有40分钟记忆力最强，接收能力超过其余23小时20分。而这“记忆超强”的40分钟又可以分为两段：临睡前的20分钟和醒来后的20分钟。 The theory supporting this is pretty simple. First, the last information you input into your brain before a good night’s sleep has a better chance of taking root than information acquired during the hustle bustle of normal daily routine; and, second, your mind is free of distraction when you first awake in the morning — so more receptive to inputs, like a blank slate.
要证明这一理论十分简单。首先，在进入梦乡前把信息植入脑海比在白天乱哄哄的情景下更容易扎根；其次，早晨醒来精力不容易分散，就像空白的页岩，吸收能力更强。
I took the advice to heart and it served me well in my school years. In my university days, our Chinese teacher would assign us 200 new vocabulary words each day, on which we would be quizzed the following day. Without the “magic” forty minute technique, there’s no way I would have passed those daily quizzes.
我牢记他的教诲，上学期间身体力行，受益良多。大学期间，我的中文老师每天都会教200个新单词，次日还要搞小测验。幸亏有这“魔力40分钟”秘笈，否则我早就“挂科了”。 The technique really works, but like many things, it takes practice and discipline to hone and perfect it.
这个办法真的很管用，但和其他很多事一样，也需要练习和自律才能日臻完美。
As far as language study goes, it’s not only useful for memorizing vocabulary. It’s also a very useful window of time in which to listen to the language you’re studying, even as background noise, and even if it’s at a level you find difficult to comprehend. It might be audio language study aids, or just radio, TV or whatever.
随着语言学习的深入，这个方法不仅对背单词有帮助，也可以成为锻炼听力的最佳时段，而且不论收听的是背景音、晦涩的内容、外语听力材料、广播、电视、还是其他什么。 Beyond our years of formal education, memory skills are hugely important in any career. 记忆力除了上学必需外，在各行各业中也很重要。
How many times have you heard a speaker read their speech from a prepared text, or read the word-by-word content of a powerpoint presentation as they present each slide? 你听过几个演讲人会照本宣科，又见过几个人在做演示时会逐字逐句地朗读每张幻灯片的文字？
These are annoying, distracting, boring, and ineffective ways of communicating. They are almost guaranteed to lose the audience’s close attention and interest, let alone persuade or inspire anyone to do anything. And yet lots of people still make this mistake.
这样的沟通方式令人厌烦、精力涣散、枯燥乏味、效率低下，保证会让听众兴趣索然，味同嚼蜡，根本就无法说服或激励听众采取行动。但仍有很多人会犯这样的错误。
If you use the “forty minute” technique, you may not succeed in memorizing your
presentation contents on a 100% word-by-word basis, but you’ll be familiar enough that you can spend much more time making eye contact with your audience. You will engage them in the process, while glancing at your text instead of staring at it. This will also free up your hands and arms to add some emphasis through gesture.
运用“40分钟”技巧，也许你并不能一字不落地背诵演示稿，却可以充分掌握内容，从而留出更多时间与听众进行眼神交流。你可以让观众参与其中，抽空儿再扫一眼屏幕，不用紧盯不放。你还可以解放胳膊和双手，增加一些动作，以示强调。
Memory is of course a big challenge for any language learner, especially as we grow older. Possibly an even bigger challenge, which starts around the pre-teen years for most people and gets progressively worse, is the fear of looking or sounding stupid.
不管学习哪国外语，记忆都是个难题，特别是随着年龄的增长。另外一个更大的难题可能是大多数人从年少时起就害怕出丑，而且越老越怕。
Younger children are generally uninhibited by this kind of self-consciousness when among their peers, and that’s one reason they learn language so quickly. They are not afraid to mimic, even if they get it wrong. Mimicry and imitation are core elements of the natural process of language learning.
小孩子因为还没有形成在群体中的自我意识，所以学习语言会更快。他们不怕有样学样，就算犯错也无所谓。重复和模仿是语言学习过程中的核心要素。
So, for young adults learning English or any second language, my advice would be threefold: 1) seize the forty-minute learning window; 2) slay the dragon of
self-consciousness associated with mis-pronunciation or sounding funny; and 3) find ways to use the language outside of the classroom, as regularly and frequently as possible. 所以，我对学英语的年轻人有三点建议：一要抓住四十分钟的时间窗，二要克服担心念错或发音搞笑的心魔，三要在课余时间尽量找机会多用。www.shanpow.com_英语文摘在线阅读。
One fundamental rule of language learning is: “Use it, or lose it.”
语言学习的根本法则就是“用进废退”。
The paybacks of success are enormous and life-long.
成功的回馈十分巨大，终生受用。
Likewise, the cost of failure is high. It includes all the money spent on tuition and
associated expenses, plus a huge amount of time poorly spent. Not necessarily wasted, but poorly spent because the results could have been so much better.
同样，失败的代价也很惨重。不仅是学费和相关支出打了水漂，付出的时间成本也不可估量。虽然说不上是浪费，但与取得的成果相比就得不偿失了。
Jesuit 耶稣会会士
priest 神父，牧师
linguist 通晓数国语言的人；语言学家
vastly 极大地；广大地；深远地www.shanpow.com_英语文摘在线阅读。
bustle 喧闹；忙乱；奔忙www.shanpow.com_英语文摘在线阅读。
distraction 注意力分散；娱乐，消遣
slate 石板；板岩，页岩
quiz 提问，询问
hone 用磨刀石磨；磨孔放大
content 内容
presentation 陈述；报告；介绍；赠送
slide 幻灯片
engage 吸引或引起（注意、兴趣等）；与（某人）交战
emphasis 强调；着重
gesture 手势，姿势
mimic 巧于模仿的人；复写品或仿制品；摹拟笑剧的演员
imitation 模仿，仿效
core 中心，核心
seize 抓住；逮捕
tuition 学费；教学，讲授
expense 费用；花费的钱；消耗；花钱的东西
【二】:英语文摘
What comes around goes around.因果循环，报应不爽！
The secret ingredient is .. that there is no ingredient! We don’t need a secret ingredient, We don’t need to become “special”。（汤中秘密作料便是没有作料）。
Even mountains and seas cannot distance people with common aspirations.（志合者，不以山海为远）
A tree has to strike a firm root before it can flourish.
A river has to have a fully dredged source before it can flow unceasingly。（求木之长者，必固其根本；欲流之远者，必浚其泉源）
The water is clear and the mountain is bright, The frost comes in at night; Trees are covered with deep scarlet leaves mixed with yellow that is light.（山明水静夜来霜，数树深红出浅黄）
Hit the headlines/make headlines登上头条
The couple hit the headlines last year when their relationship broke down.
Pop the question求婚
He has been trying for weeks to pluck up the courage to pop the question.
Confess one’s love表白
I didn’t dare confess my love to her because I cherished her friendship.
Asking for a date约会
对某部电影的吐槽模式：
It could have been better.
Too unrealistic.
Lame.
Boring
It was so stupid I almost fell asleep. The guy was such a jerk!
Film Expressions:
The heroine is played by ***.
The film has run(上映)for five days.
Practically every film he made was nominated（提名） for an Oscar.
Spain’s Javier Bardem won best supporting actor/actress(最佳男/女配角) in “No Country for Old Men”（老无所依）.
Within minutes, it was clear to me that this was a must-watch movie(必看电影).
The film has taken $180million at the box office(票房). 《何以笙箫默》经典台词：
If that person ever appeared, anyone else would just be a
compromise. And I don’t want to compromise.
Waiting is not about time but about habits. It only kept growing, and there was no way for him to fight it.
If destiny say’s you are my girlfriend in three years, how do I not have my right to be your boyfriend now?
There are plenty of love poems. Among them, the most beautiful one must be “holding your hand and aging with you”.
Facing the Sea with Spring Blossoms
From tomorrow on, I will be a happy man，
Grooming(喂马),chopping(劈柴),and travelling all over the world.
From tomorrow on, I will care foodstuff(粮食) and vegetable， Living in a house towards the sea, with spring blossoms. From tomorrow on, write to each of my dear ones.
Telling them of my happiness.
What the lightening of happiness has told me,
I will spread it to each of them.
Give a warm name for every river and every mountain, Strangers, I will also wish you happy.
May you have a brilliant future!
May you lovers eventually become spouses！（有情人终成眷属）
May you enjoy happiness in this earthly world!
I only wish to face the sea, with spring blossoms.
Romantic Valentine’s Day:
I wish I were a china cup, from which you drink your tea, and every time you took a drink you would kiss me.
I would wash all the dishes, if you would let me be your MR. You and me together, you can make magic.
Every time I look at you, my heart misses a beat. Roses are red, violets are blue, sugar is sweet, and so are you. 忙的表达：
I don’t even have time to catch my breath.(喘息，歇口气) I’ll be tied up(被占用，很忙的) the rest of the week, I am afraid.
I’m in the middle of something(正忙于做某事). Could you call back later?
It’s hard to slow down when you are trying to do a million things.
I can’t possibly come out tonight. I’m up to my neck(忙得不可开交) in work.
【三】:生日祝福的英文句子
每个人的出生都有其纪念意义，生日就变得尤其重要，那生日这一天收到祝福就会很幸福，生日祝福语就是为此而诞生的。小编为大家整理了一些生日祝福的英文句子，一起来看看吧!
生日祝福的英文句子:
May your birthday be a celebration of the life. Wish you all happiness, health and prosperity with many returns of the day.
愿你的生日是对生命的歌颂，祝健康快乐，事业蒸蒸日上。
I hasten to congratulate you on the coming of your birthday. May gladness fill your every hour with joy to light your way.
我急切地祝贺你生日的到来，愿你时时刻刻都充满欣喜，照亮前程。
Wish you a whole world of happiness now that your birthday is here. May your memories today be warm ones. May your dreams today be dear. may your joy last through the year.
愿你的生日充满无穷的快乐，愿你今天的回忆温馨，愿你今天的梦想甜美，愿你这一年称心如意!
I want to be one of the first who say "Happy birthday to you". May everything it take to make a very happy and successful year!
希望我是第一个向你道“生日快乐”的朋友，愿这一年中快乐、成功!
My birthday wishes to you are the warmest. May all the plans you are making work out just right for you and may life always bring the best things your way.
热烈祝贺你的生辰!愿你的计划都能实现、愿你的生活永远美丽!
I sincerely feel a grateful interest in each return of this happy anniversary. Send you a birthday card and the accompanying gift is a token of my best wishes for your success and happiness.
每到你的生日，我都十分快乐。送上一张生日卡和一件礼物，略表心意。祝事业成功、生活幸福!
A gift of love for your birthday, which is a warm wish from my heart. Happiness for your birthday and always.
送上一份生日礼物，它是我内心深处的是生日祝福，祝你生日快乐，岁岁平安!
It is not everyday you have a birthday, so hope you have a wonderful one. May it be followed by days and weeks and months and years of happiness for you!
不是每天都能过生日，希望你今天生日快乐，愿你年年岁岁幸福永伴!
“Thinking what my life would be like if you had not been born today years ago, I realize the situation would not be pretty. Happy Birthday."
如果你在这天没有出生我的生命会是多么糟糕啊，至少肯定不会这么棒，生日快乐。
" I am infinitely grateful that you are in my small life. Happiest of Birthdays from your dear friend."
感激你成为我小小人生中的一部分，这一天祝福我亲爱的朋友无比开心。
Birthday comes and birthday goes each year, and this leaves the happy memories for ever. May this special day brightens each hour like sunshine that cheers every flower.
年年生日来而复去，留下永久的快乐回忆。愿今天的每时每刻都充满明媚，似阳光普照鲜花绽放!
Here comes today with special pride in all the achievements you have made. May your dearest wishes through all the years in store come true, and make you happier than you have ever been before.
愿你宿愿得偿，快乐幸福更胜以往。
"May your birthday be filled with smiles, sunshine, love, and laughter."
祝愿你生日这一天充满快乐、阳光、关爱和笑声。
"I wish you nothing but the best on your special day."
在这特别的一天祝愿你一切都好。
"May you live all the days of your life."
愿你享受你的生活。
"Happy Birthday, my love. A hundred kisses from me to you."
生日快乐我的爱人，为你献上100个吻。
"Wishing you the happiest of birthdays, my dear friend. I will be thinking of you all day."
祝你拥有最开心的一个生日，我亲爱的朋友，这一天我会时时刻刻想着你，
“May the sun's rays shine brightest on you today with the wind at your heals. Happy Birthday."
希望今天太阳为你升起，微风为你吹起，生日快乐。
"Happy Birthday Wishes to you. Never forget how much you are loved." 祝你生日快乐，记住你被许多人爱着。
"Happy birthday, and may this day be a special one to always remember." 生日快乐，希望这特别的一天会被永远记住。
【四】:学术论文英文摘要写作解析论文
作为一篇学术论文的基本组成部分,摘要是其高度浓缩,并为读者提供简明扼要的信息和内容。因此,摘要对于一篇学术论文来说是相当重要的。并且,一篇写作质量好的摘要在很大程度上取决于衔接手段使用的正确与否。也就是说,在摘要的写作过程中,作者应该正确使用衔接手段,提高摘要写作的质量,使一篇学术论文达到更好学术效果。以下是小编为大家精心准备的：学术论文英文摘要写作解析相关论文，内容仅供参考，欢迎阅读!
学术论文英文摘要写作解析全文如下：
【摘要】：英文摘要是论文的高度浓缩,它为读者提供了方便,节约了时间,也是我国学人通向国际学术世界的桥梁。本文分析了摘要的特点,并通过具体实例讨论了学术论文英文摘要的写作与翻译。客观和简约是英文摘要的主要特色,我们应该以此为基点,不断努力提高英文摘要的写作与翻译水平。
【关键词】： 学术论文 英文摘要 写作 翻译 国际学术 主要特色 中文摘要 一般现在时 学人 被动语态
学术论文是反映一个国家科技发展水平的重要方面，在科技飞速发展的当代，学术论文的种类和数量日益众多。因此浓缩了研究内容、方法、目的、结果和建议的科技论文摘要也就成为了解行业最新研究成果的捷径。GB7713-87规定：论文一般均应有摘要，有些为了国际交流，还应有外文(多用英文)摘要。一方面作为中文摘要的英文对照，英文摘要可以给国外读者提供一个了解论文主要内容的途径;另一方面，英文摘要也是国际检索系统收录的重要依据之一，如美国《科学引文索引》SCI、英国《科学文摘》SA、美国《工程索引》EI等。美国国立医学图书馆评审委员会专家对我国有些期刊的主要审查意见其中一条就是看不懂(unreadable)，暂不收录。由此可见，英文摘要的质量直接关系我国科技成果被否被接受、肯定和传播。本文通过对编辑《海洋渔业》英文摘要的过程中遇到的一些问题进行归纳和分析，进而提出一些基础的写作策略和注意事项。
一、学术论文摘要的基本功能、类型和写作要求
1 基本功能
学术论文摘要最基本的功能主要有两点：(1)传递信息。通过通览摘要可以迅速准确地了解论文的基本内容以确定是否为自己所需;(2)提供检索。摘要概括了文章的主要研究内容方法等，可以用于科技文献检索，为读者查询提供便利。
2 主要类型
根据国家标准GB和国际标准150，学术论文摘要主要可分为报道性摘要，指示性摘要和报道一指示性摘要三种。报道性摘要(informative abstract)，又称资料性或情报性摘要，多用于实验性和技术性较强的论文，主要报道论文的研究成果、实验数据和结论，具有高度浓缩性、独立性和自含性。具有独创性和前沿性的专题研究及新技术应用等均可采用此种形式摘要为佳。指示性摘要(indicative abstract)，又称概述性或简介性摘要，多用于理论性较强的论文，较少包含定量数据，以阐明论文研究问题为主，对结论则不加具体叙述。主要适用于综述、评述和单个专题的研究。报道一指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)，介于两者之间，以报道形式表述最重要的信息，同时以指示性摘要形式表述其它部分，含信息量较大。
3 一般写作要求
学术论文摘要要求使用简洁、准确的语言将论文的目的，主要研究过程，采用的方法，得到的结果和推出的重要结论阐述清楚。英文摘要也是如此，虽然在格式、专业术语等方面有所区别，但依旧遵循着相同的语言规律，即“ABC”原则：Accuracy(准确)，Brevity(简洁)，Clarity(清晰)。大多数作者在写英文摘要时，都是把中文摘要直译成英文，这并不完全可取。因为撰写或翻译英文摘要本身是再创作的过程，外文读者如果看不懂英文摘要就无法从论文中得出详细的信息，所以英文摘要内容的完整性至关重要，撰写和翻译过程中应格外注意，同时应尽可能避免汉语式英语表述，使语言更加规范，译文更加符合英文摘要的文体特点。下面就英文摘要中的常见问题进行进一步分析。
二、英文摘要中存在的主要问题
1 时态
很多作者在写英文摘要会受到中文摘要的影响，造成英文摘要中出现时态混乱，如过去完成时，过去时和现在时混杂不清等非常常见。在常规四步式论文中，主要采用现在时，过去时和现在完成时。SWALES总结道：一般过去时多用于阐述论文撰写前所做的各种工作，如研究的过程，做的实验，观察的结果等，也用于阐述前人支持或不支持论文结果的文献资料等;一般现在时则多用于研究的目的，内容，范围，方法和结果等;现在完成时则用于转述已经取得的成果，已经发表的文献和对发展趋势的一些描述和进一步的研究讨论等。
2 语态
根据GB6447-86《文摘编写规则》要求，一次性文献的主题和性质用语应尽量避免使用“作者”“本文”等字样。因为学术论文的客观性，目前国内多数英文期刊通常采用被动语态较多(如iS studied，iS investigated，is reported，is defined，is determined等)。被动语态句式灵活清晰，便于补充其它句子成分
