【www.shanpow.com--简历范文】
【一】:事理说明文
“事理说明文”写作提示
写好事理说明文应注意以下几点。
1.审题──弄清说明对象。
弄清说明对象，首先要弄清是写事物说明文还是事理说明文。弄清说明对象可以从审题入手。如《食物从何处来》，它的语法结构是“食物‖从何处来”。文章要说明的是食物“从何处来”，即要说明食物是怎么样来的。《雄伟的人民大会堂》，“雄伟”是个修饰语，指出说明对象的特征，“人民大会堂”是说明对象。由此可以判断出《食物从何处来》是事理说明文，《雄伟的人民大会堂》是事物说明文。
弄清说明对象之后，就要就题立意──确定中心思想。确定中心思想时，要注意以下三点。首先是正确。也就是说，我们解说的事物的本质及规律性要有科学的根据，经得起实践的检验。其次是深刻。深刻是指说明事物要透过现象揭示本质，反映事物内部的规律性。要使读者不仅了解事物“是这样的”，而且要明白“为什么是这样的”。第三是集中。所谓集中就是重点突出，中心明确。我们对客观事物的认识是多方面的，感性材料是丰富的，但在确定中心时不能没有重点，没有中心，不能企图在一篇文章里面面都说到。如果面面都讲得不深不透，反而会把中心思想给湮没了。
2.注意说明顺序──逻辑顺序。
按事物内在联系安排材料，进行说明，可以用逻辑顺序。事理说明文是阐述事理的，用逻辑顺序便于说明得清楚明白。我们所学课文《向沙漠进军》就是用了由因及果的说明顺序。阐述比较抽象的自然科学原理，一般要由具体到抽象，由事物的表象分析到事物的本质，这样一种逻辑顺序来说明。因为这符合人们认识事物的规律。比如《花儿为什么这样红》一文，开头先介绍“花朵的红色是热情的色彩„„”然后由红花的表象分析到“为什么这样红”的本质。同学们在写作时，究竟使用哪种说明顺序，主要是根据说明对象的自身规律和人们认识事物的规律来确定，没有固定的格式。
（参考《中考作文指导大全》）
【二】:人物+事物—+事理说明(说明文)
人物+事物—+事理说明(说明文)
3.1人物说明(说明文)
优秀范文
Mark Twain
马克•吐温
Mark Twin(1853～1910),one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century, was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.
Mark Twain’s hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood. When he grew up he worked as a pilot on a river boat for some time. Mark Twain is his pen name, he took it from the shout of the sailor measuring the depth of the water when the water was two marks deep on the lead line.
Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels, one of which is TOM SAWYER, the masterpiece which brought him fame and honour. Some of his writings have been translated into many languages. He and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world. the nineteenth century 19世纪
in the middle part of 在……中部
the Mississippi River 密西西比河
grow up 长大
pen name 笔名
TOM SAWYER 汤姆•索亚历险记
translate...into 把……译成……
China’s First Spaceman—Yang Liwei
中国的第一个太空人——杨利伟
Yang Liwei, born in Liaoning Province, who is a pilot, is 38 years old.
On Oct.15th, China launched its Shenzhou Ⅴ manned spacecraft, with astronaut Yang Liwei aboard and Yang has become China’s first astronaut. Yang and his spacecraft orbited the earth 14 times during about 21 hours before he safely landed in North China the next day. The successful launch and return of the spacecraft made China the third country in space after Russia and the United States, and this marked the great success of the manned space program of China.
born in Liaoning Province 生于辽宁省
launch Shenzhou Ⅴ manned spacecraft 发射神州五号人造飞船
spacecraft orbited the earth 14 times 人造飞船绕地球轨道飞行14周
the successful launch and return of the spacecraft
人造飞船的成功发射和回归
This marked the great success of the manned space program of China.
这标志着中国在人造飞船方面取得了巨大的成功。
Our English Teacher
我们的英语老师
Our English teacher, Mr. Wang, is thirty years old. He is strongly built and simply dressed. He has been teaching English in our school since he graduated from the Foreign Department of Shandong University in 1983. He has devoted himself to teaching. In order to improve our
English, he often prepares lessons late into the night and tries his best to make his classes lively and interesting. The students in our class think highly of his classes. Not only is he strict with us but also he shows great concern for us. He often offers to help out the students with difficulties in life and studies. We consider him as our good teacher and friend, so we are willing to ask him for help when we are in trouble. We all love and respect him.
simply dressed 衣着俭朴
graduate from the Foreign Department of Shan dong University
毕业于山东大学英语系
devote himself to teaching 致力于教学late into the night 深夜
try his best to make his classes lively and interesting
尽力使他的课堂生动有趣
think highly of 高度评价，高度赞扬
help out the students with difficulties 帮助学生摆脱困难
My Little Cousin
我的小表妹
My little cousin is a middle school student. She studies Chinese, English, maths, history and other subjects at school. She works hard at all the subjects, but her favourite subject is English. She often talks with her teachers and classmates in English. Now China has been a member of the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. English is becoming more and more important. She makes up her mind to learn it well.
China has been a member of the WTO.
中国成为世界贸易组织的一员。
English is becoming more and more important.
英语变得越来越重要。
She makes up her mind to learn it well.
她（我的表妹）下决心学好英语。
描写本类主题常用语言集锦
My uncle is an engineer and he works in Chicago.
我的叔叔是个工程师，他在芝加哥工作。
That woman is a widow. Her husband died four years ago.
那个女人是个寡妇，她丈夫四年前去世了。
My grandfather spent his childhood in Mississippi.
我的祖父在密西西比度过了他的童年。
A young married couple bought the new house down the street from you.
一对年轻夫妇买了你们大街那头的那栋新房子。
Mary and Lucy used to go to many places together.
玛丽和露西以前常常一起去很多地方。
Miss Williams can read and write French very well.
威廉斯小姐能够很自如地用法语看书和写东西。
My sister speaks Cantonese very fluently.
我姐姐广州话说得很流利。
Mr. Johnson’s native language is English.
约翰逊先生的本国语是英语。
I am twenty-three years old. 我二十三岁。
My sister is not quite about twenty. 我妹妹还不到二十岁。
Rambo is not thirty yet, isn’t he? 兰博还不到三十，对吗？
Miss Louise is still in her twenties. 露易斯小姐才二十几岁。
I am two years older than my sister is. 我比妹妹大两岁。
How many people are there in your family? 你家有几个人？
There are four of us altogether. 我们总共有四个人。
I am the youngest child in my family. 我是家里最小的孩子。
My grandfather is going to be seventy next month.
我的祖父下个月就70岁了。
3.2事物说明(说明文)
优秀范文
The Chinese People’s Dream中国人的梦想
The Chinese people have been dreaming of going into space for a long time. In the years 1999 to 2002 China launched three unmanned spacecrafts successfully. On Dec. 31th, 2002, the launch of the fourth spacecraft “Shenzhou Ⅴ” was another big success and the spacecraft returned to the earth safe on January 5th, 2003. During its flight, seven scientific experiments were carried out. The purpose of the flight is to make preparations for the launch of a manned spacecraft next time. The successful launch and return shows that China is able to send a person into space soon. In 2003, the first manned spacecraft is expected to be sent into space. By then the Chinese dream has come true.
have been dreaming of going into space.
一直梦想进入太空。
unmanned spacecraft 无人驾驶飞船during its flight 在飞行期间
carry out 开展，进行make preparations for 为……作准备
be able to send a person into space 有能力载人进入太空
by then 到那时
Mobile Phones
手机
Great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile phones in China. At the end of 2002, there were 20 million mobile phone users. By the year 2005, the number will reach up to 30 million.
People have found mobile phones very convenient. They can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like. Moreover, there are many different functions for different needs, such as sending short messages and surfing the Internet. However, it may also bring us some trouble. For example, you will have to pay for a wrong number, and the radiation from the phone may do harm to our health. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is still increasing steadily.
Great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile
phones in China. 在中国，手机的拥有量发生了很大的变化。
reach up to 达到www.shanpow.com_事理说明文范文。
They can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like.
他们能随时随地取得联系。
send short messages and surf the Internet 传送短信和上网
The radiation from the phone may do harm to our health.
手机的辐射或许对我们的身体有害。
My Favorite Newspaper
我最喜爱的报纸
21st Century is my favourite newspaper. It is an English language newspaper, which is published in Beijing each week. It has sections of different kinds, including News of the week, Today’s World, Language Class, Sports and Music and Students Report. There are plenty of beautiful pictures and interesting articles in it. I enjoy reading the paper. I read it to improve my English. I have learnt a lot of new words and useful expressions from it. Besides, I can get information about different things, from politics to sports and music. 21st Century is very popular with students and English learners. I do love it.
sections of different kinds 不同的版面
plenty of 大量，许多
useful expressions 常用表达
be very popular with 很受欢迎
I do love it. 我非常喜欢它。
My Family’s Yard
我家的院子
I think that my family’s yard is about 0.78 acres. It has trees, flowers, vegetables and a small hill.
There’s a path of bricks that are laid out on the ground by the front door, it separates my yard in half from north to south. On the front right side of the brick path, two large Japanese peach trees are planted. Every August is picking season, and the peaches are very big and delicious. If we don’t hurry and pick the peaches, they’ll drop all over the ground and if you accidentally step on one, the peach juice will make your shoes turn blood red.
Behind the peach trees lies a very big plum tree, it has a mass of branches and leaves. This year was very dry, we didn’t spray enough water, therefore we didn’t get to pick plums. On the other side there’s a big oak tree. The tree branches are very thick and I frequently wrap a piece of rope around the branch and use it as a swing for playing.
On the left of the brick path there’s a row of small trees separating the front and back halves. In the front, there’s a garden, in the garden there are cockscombs, hydrangeas and roses; it is very colorful and pretty. The breeze carries with it, the faint scent of flowers. If you just gently inhale the smell, it makes you feel really good.
Behind the little trees, there’s a big garden of vegetables. In the garden there are potatoes, lettuces, tomatoes and peppers. Every year there are always vegetables left over. Behind this garden, there’s a grape trellis and on the trellis there are grapevines.
Beside the grape trellis, there’s a small hill. My brother and I would always climb onto the hill and back down playing hide and seek.
I really like my yard and the trees, flowers, vegetables and the small hill.www.shanpow.com_事理说明文范文。
Genius only means hard working all one’s life.天才仅仅意味着终生不懈的努力。
lay out 计划，设计
separate my yard in half from north to south
把院子从北到南分开
picking season 收获季节
turn blood red 变成血红色www.shanpow.com_事理说明文范文。
plum 李子oak 橡树
tree branches 树枝
cockscomb 鸡冠花
hydrangea 八仙花
lettuce 莴苣
pepper 胡椒
trellis 格子
grapevine 葡萄树
My Favorite Program—“Animal Word”
我最喜欢的电视节目——“动物世界”
“Animal word” is my favorite program. First, I like small animals very much. Second, the host has the ability to make the program lively and interesting. Third, from the program I gained a lot of knowledge about animal life, which I didn’t know before. By watching the program I understand the relationship between people and animals and between people and nature. Also I know the importance of nature protection.
I know animals are part of nature. They cannot be separated from the humans. If the humans want to live well, we must keep nature in balance.
Finally, we should let everyone understand this and show our love toward nature and animals and stop doing harm to them.
the host 主持人
gain a lot of knowledge 获得大量的知识
the relationship between people and animals and between people and
nature 人与动物、人与自然之间的关系
the importance of nature protection 自然保护的重要性
keep nature in balance 保持生态平衡
My Experience in Examination
考试经历
Talking of examinations, I feel that they are one of the important activities in our school life. All through my school days, I have gone through all kinds of examinations and I have tasted the flavor of happiness, sadness and laughter.
Before every examination, there is always a certain time for me to suffer. During examinations, I am nervous and my heart beats hard. After examinations, the world seems to be bright again and I become lively again. We often blame the teachers for making trouble for us on purpose, but in fact, it is unfair to say so.
talk of 谈起，谈到
all through my school days 整个学校生活
go through 经历，遭受
a certain time 某一时间
blame the teachers 责备老师
on purpose 有意，故意
【三】:中考现代文说明文的解题技巧
导语：中考在即，以下是小编为你整理的中考语文学习方法，希望能够帮助到你。更多关于学习方法的文章尽在，欢迎浏览：
在中考现代文阅读测试中，说明文是重要的组成部分。而河北省近几年的中考试题中，说明文属必考内容。文章选自课外，分值在10分左右。
考点之一：说明对象
考查类型：直接让学生回答：“这篇文章(或文段)的说明对象是什么?”
对策：事物说明文一般标题就是说明的对象;事理说明文找准开头结尾的总结句。因为说明对象是一篇文章所要介绍的事物或事理，一般是一个名词或名词短语，可以从两个方面入手：一看文题二看首尾段。事物说明文指出被说明事物即可。事理说明文指出说明内容，形成一个短语：介绍了……的……(对象加内容)。
考点之二：说明对象特征
[类型1]：直接找出说明事物的特征的句子
对策：A、看题目;B、在首段中找;C、抓关键词句(比如：运用了说明方法的语句、中心句)。的语句、中心句)。
[类型2]：概括说明事物的特征
对策：分析文章结构抓中心句及连接词如“首先，其次，还，也，此外”等词语
考点之三：说明顺序
[类型]：本文使用了什么说明顺序?有何作用?
对策：
1、了解说明顺序的基本常识：说明文有三种写作顺序。⑴空间顺序：说明事物的形状、构造，多在建筑物的结构，如上下、远近、左右、内外、东西南北中等。⑵时间顺序：说明事物的发展变化。⑶逻辑顺序：说明事理，多说明事物之间的内在联系。逻辑顺序的具体分为：主——— 次、原因——— 结果、现象——— 本质、特征——— 用途、一般——— 个别(特殊)、概括——— 具体、整体———局部、总———分。
2、掌握答题格式：本文使用了……的说明顺序对……加以说明，使说明更有条理性，便于读者理解。(第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用“事理”、“科学事理”等模糊性的语言表述。)
考点之四：说明方法
[类型1]：直接让考生回答文章或段落的说明方法
对策：了解常见的说明方法(举例子、分类别、下定义、作诠释、打 对策：了解常见的说明方法(举例子、分类别、下定义、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、摹状貌、引用说明)的主要特点，然后根据文段内容分析判断。
[类型2]：文章某段或某句运用何种说明方法，简要说明它的作用?
对策：找出运用的说明方法，再根据下列说明方法的作用具体回答。1、举例子：具体真切地说明了事物的××特点。2、分类别：条理清楚地说明了事物的 ××特点。对事物的特征(或事理)分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。3、打比方：生动形象地说明该事物的××特点，增强了文章的趣味性。4、列数字：具体而准确地说明该事物的××特点。使说明更有说服力。5、作比较：突出强调了被说明对象的××特点(地位、影响等)。6、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象(或科学事理)加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征(或事理)。7、列图表：直观形象地说明了事物的××特点。8、引用法：用引用的方法说明事物的特征，增强说服力，如引用古诗文、谚语、俗话。引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。9、摹状貌：对事物的特征(或事理) 加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体生动形象。10、作诠释：对事物的特征(或事理)加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。11、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式———A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)C、引用名言、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力。D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。(引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。)
考点之五：说明语言
[类型1]：加点字词有何作用?对策：抓住说明文语文准确这一特点答题，格式：准确(或生动形象)地说明了事物“……”的特征(或事理)。
[类型2]：能否替换为另一个词语?并说明理由。
对策：(1)不可以;(2)原词的意思或内容;(3)所换词语的意思或内容;(4)换了后意思有何改变，与不符合实际。
[类型3]：限制性词语能否删去?
对策：(1)表态(删还是不删)。(2)定性。如：“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞;“大约”“可能”“左右”等表估计，“多”“有余”等表数量。(3)若删去，原来什么样的意思就变成了……的意思了，不符合实际，太绝对了。(4)xx词体现了语言的准确性、周密性、科学性。
[类型4]：从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言“准确”特点的词句，并体会。
对策：找出语言准确的词句，然后说明其作用。找准确词句可以从以下几个方面入手：①找有精确数据的句子;②找有概数的句子;③找使用限制性词语的句子。
[类型5]：指示代词的含义类型：指示代词如“这些条件”“这种现象”“同样道理”等在文中具体指代什么?
对策：一般指的就是代词前面的那句话，找最近的一句话。有时要注意可能不是整句话而是其中的一部分。
结语：事上无难事，只怕有心人。以上是小编为你整理的资料，希望你喜欢阅读，并能给你带来帮助。
