【www.shanpow.com--工作总结】
英语中的倒装句一:英语倒装句用法经典总结
英语部分倒装用法归纳 1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装： I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。 3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别："It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。” 5. 由not only…but also引出的倒装当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。 6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。
完全倒装的四种主要类型 1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。 2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。 4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
涉及only的倒装及考题分析 按英语习惯同，当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。 Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点，我同意你的说法。 【典型考题】(答案分别为DC)1. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize2. Only after my friend came _________. A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题(答案选A)：_________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
涉及副词so的两类常考倒装 这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：1. 当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious3. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday. A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it特别说明：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。如：You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。请看考题(答案选D)：Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.A. so does John B. John does tooC. John doesn’t too D. nor does John(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。如：“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”请看考题(答案分别为CD)：1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________, and so did I. A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D. So did she2.—Father, you promised! —Well, _________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
倒装句中的主谓一致 在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语＋谓语动词＋主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如：On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。Such is the result. 结果就是这样。Such are the results. 这就是结果。
副词后的倒装 here 和 there 之后以及诸如 back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如 come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时) Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑了起来。当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)。如：Here’s a cup of tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(给东西) Here’s your letters. 这儿有你的信。(给与或指明) There’s (重读) Johnny smith. 约翰尼·史密斯在那儿。(确定位置) 主语如是代词则不倒装。如：Here it comes. 它来了。 There she goes. 她走了。Up it went. 它上去了。 Here you are. 给你。There she is. 她在那儿。
地点状语后的倒装 地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如come, go, rise)，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。主语如是代词则不能倒装：At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。
否定副词之后的倒装 否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom)，或是具有否定作用的副词，如 little, on no account 等。如：Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未 / 很少 / 有过。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用正常词序：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 从未 / 很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如：In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝 不能触摸的。In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。
涉及not only…but also…的部分倒装 not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。如：Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。
类似So / Neither do I的部分倒装 so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：①内容是肯定时，用so，内容是否定时，用neither或nor；②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did；③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
涉及so…that的部分倒装 在so... that…结构中，若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。类似地，当such…that…结构的such…置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。
表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装 有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。
as引导让步状语从句时的倒装 as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如：Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。
非谓语动词置于句首的倒装 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
英语中的倒装句二:英语倒装句
14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.
14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或 did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn"t leave the room until the child fell asleep.1) Why can"t I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn"t man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.
14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won"t go, neither will I.典型例题 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don"t know, _____. A. nor don"t I care B. nor do I care C. I don"t care neither D. I don"t care also答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don"t 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It"s raining hard. ---So it is.
14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。注意 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意: 让步状语从句中，有 though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
14.7 其他部分倒装 1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy.3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again.1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didn"t man know D. did man know答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. A. didn"t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn"t realize D. I realize 答案为 B。3) Do you know Tom bought a new car? I don"t know, ___. A. nor don"t I care B. nor do I care C. I don"t care neither D. I don"t care also 解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
一、 当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时要用倒装，将相应的助动词放到主语之前。例如：
1. Only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to use it.
A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
二、 否定副词not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, few, not until等位于句首时，句子要倒装。例如：
2. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sang
3. Seldom _____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.
A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make
4. Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’ t realize D. I realize
三、 副词so放在句首，表示前面肯定句中所说的情况也适用于另外一个人时，句子要倒装；当neither，nor在句首，表示前面的否定也适用于另外一个人时句子要倒装；so, nor, neither表示相同概念的肯定或否定时，句子也要倒装。例如：
5. My brother had a bad cold last week, and so _____.
A. did I B. had I C. was I D. I did
6. “Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?”
“I didn’t know, _____.”
A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care C. I don’t care neither D. I don’t care also
7. He is a good student, and works very hard, _____.
A. so it is with her B. so does she C. so is he D. neither does she
四、 含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如no sooner…than…, neither…nor, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…, not…until…等需要倒装。例如：
8. _____ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
五、 以here, how, there, then等副词位于句首时，要倒装。例如：
9. Then _____ the Civil War.
A. did follow B. followed C. does follow D. following
六、 有些介词短语如at no time, in no case, by no means, many a time, only in this way放在句首时要倒装。例如：
10. Many a time _____ swimming alone.
A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy
11. Only in this way _____ the problems.
A. you can solve B. can you solve C. you solve D. did you solve
七、 虚拟语气的条件从句中，省略了if后，had, were, should等放在条件句主语前，形成倒装。例如：
12. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off visiting Beijing.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
八、 由as, though, however构成的让步状语从句，从句要倒装，一般结构为：形容词（副词或名词等）+as/though/however+主语+谓语。例如：
13. _____ , mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. Late, however, he is
答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D
倒装句的种类
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语
成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装。
倒装分两种：语法倒装和强调语势倒装。
语法倒装
语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种：
1. 疑问句，如： Can you do it? How old are you? When did you know him?
但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如： Who is your English teacher? What happened last night?
2. 表示“愿望”的句子，如： May God bless you. Long live the king!
3. There”引导的句子，如：
There are many cars on the road. There is a security guard outside the bank.
4. 感叹句，如： How beautiful the flower is! What a smart boy you are!
5. 连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子，如：
Mary can ride a bicycle; so can I. He can"t sing; neither can she. Tom has never been late; nor have I.
6. 省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如：
Were I you, I would not do such a thing. Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
7. “as, however”连接的让步副词分句，如：
Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon. However busy you are, you should spend some time on it.
强调倒装句 把表示否定的副词或副词短语提到句前；-是把副词虚助词提前：
Never have I seen such a wicked man. On no account must this employee be fired.
Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
No sooner had I left than the rain came. Up jumped the puppy. In came John.
Down fell the rotten branches from the tree. Out came a woman and her maid.
引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种：
1．在疑问句中 例1：How are you getting along with your work?
例2：Is this report written in detail?
注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。
2．在there be 及其类似结构中 例1：There are forty students in our class. 例2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. 例3：There stands a bridge across the river.
3．在表示祝愿的句子中 例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China! 例2：May you succeed!
例3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.
4．在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中
这类句子中有were, had, should等词时，把were, had或should置于句首。
例1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.
例2：Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.
5．在so, nor, neither或no more开头的句子中
此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中的主语。例如：
1）This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.
2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil.
6．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中
这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如：
1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.
2）Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.
3）Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
4）Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.
7．在强调表语时 例1：Worst of all were the humiliations. 例2：Such is the case.
8．在强调宾语时 例1：Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction.
例2：Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.
注：当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如：
Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.
9．在强调状语时 （1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 1）Up went the plane. 2）In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： 1）Out they rushed! 2）Lower and lower he bent.
(2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：
1）Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2）Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
（3）当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：
1）Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
2）Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
（4）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如：
1）Here is a ticket for you. 2）Now comes your turn. 3）Here he comes.
（5）以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：
1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。
10．在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如：
1）“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
2）“What do you mean?” he asked.
11. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时
例如：Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance.
12．在as, though引导的让步状语从句中
在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如：
1）Small as the atom is, we can smash it.
2）Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with
一、so…that结构中的部分倒装
So strange did she look that everyone stared at her.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
So little did I know about philosophy that the lecture was completely beyond me.
二、表语置于句首引起的倒装
当表语置于句首时，常引起倒装，把系动词置于主语之前。作表语的可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。
【例如】
Very important in the peasants’ life is the TV weather report.
Bright, very bright were the stars over the wild, dark hills.
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Sir Hugh and many other celebrities.
Especially popular are the musical and theatrical groups.
On either side of the road were rows of fruit trees.
Near the southern end of the village was a large peach orchard.
Seated on the ground are as groups of young men playing horse head fiddle.
Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs and ponds.
Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.
三、否定意义副词引起的倒装
英语中含有否定意义的副词与词组有never，seldom，few，little, barely，hardly，scarcely，rarely, nowhere, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, in no case, in vain, not until等。
Nowhere could the homeless girl go in the cold winter.
Under no circumstances shall I change my attitude towards work.
Never before has the mass of the people been so inspired, so militant and so daring as at present.
No sooner had I gone to sleep than someone telephoned.
Not until Columbus discovered the new land, were bananas brought to Europe. Scarcely had we reached home when it began to rain.
Not only did they present a musical performance but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of western brass instrument.
四、让步状语从句中的倒装
1)让步状语从句中的倒装形式为：强调对象＋as/though＋主语＋其它部分，强调对象可以是表语(名词，形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。
Tired as he is, he goes on with his work.
Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
Child as he is, he knows how to please the others.
2) be＋主语＋or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。
Be it cheap or dear, I will take it.
We should put our energysintosour work, be it mental like the work of a scientist or physical like the work of a smith.
五、让步状语从句中的倒装
1)让步状语从句中的倒装形式为：强调对象＋as/though＋主语＋其它部分，强调对象可以是表语(名词，形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。
Tired as he is, he goes on with his work.
Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
Child as he is, he knows how to please the others.
2) be＋主语＋or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。
Be it cheap or dear, I will take it.
We should put our energysintosour work, be it mental like the work of a scientist or physical like the work of a smith.
五、以only引导状语位于句首引起的倒装
Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard.
Only in this way can we achieve what we want.
Only in each afternoon does the university library open.
Only under special circumstances ____to take make up tests.
A) are freshmen permitted
B) permitted are freshmen
C) freshmen are permitted
D) are permitted freshmen
Only加状语位于句首，句子用倒装语序，故答案为A。
六、由so/nor/neither引起的倒装 该句式表明与前面的情况一致。前面为肯定句，用so引导，否定句用nor或neither引导。
Society has changed and so have the people in it.
Yesterday I went shopping, so did my best friend.
The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly.
He didn’t want to apologize for his mistake, neither/nor did his assistant.
1．注意分清哪些情况要采用倒装：
①down, up, in, out, away等表示位置移动的副词位于句首时；②表示时间、地点的副词或介词短语位于句首时；not, never, hardly, seldom, little, scarcely, neither, nor等否定词位于句首时；③用作频率状语的副词often, always,every,other day，以及程度副词so或表示“也”的so位于句首时；④only位于句首修饰状语时；⑤as位于句首引导让步状语从句时；⑥虚拟条件句省略if时。例如：
Out rushed the children.
Look! Here come the bus!
Often do I go there with them.
So busy is she that she has no time to spare.
Were I you, I would take the position in that company.
2. 注意几个容易出错的场合：
①Not until位于句首引导状语从句，或only位于句首修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句倒装。例如：
Not until he was eight, did he go to school.
Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work.
②以下情况的主谓都不倒装：表示时间、地点、方位的副词位于句首，其主语是人称代词时；so位于句首表示强调时；only位于句首不修饰状语或状语从句时。例如：
Out he rushed. She is very beautiful and so she is. Only this way can improve your English.
③as位于句首引导让步状语从句时主谓不倒装，只须把表语提到as前，且作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。例如： Tired as he felt, he kept on working. Child as he was, he could work out the problem.
3．注意完全倒装句的特点：
①谓语是系动词；②主语是名词，谓语是不及物动词，如go, lie, com, run等；③句首是表示时间、地点、方向、方式的副词或介词短语，谓语是系动词或半系动词。例如：
On went her old brown jacket. Down came the long brown waves!
Between Britain and Ireland, in the Irish Sea, lies the small Isle of Man.
英语中的倒装句三:英语倒装句用法大全
倒装句
英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。
（一）倒装句的意义
1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
e.g. May I come in?
Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
（二）倒装的使用情况
1、在 “there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2、在疑问句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）
e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.
“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。
e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。
e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
10、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。
e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）
Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
e.g. May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。
So happy did he feel. Such was me.
