【www.shanpow.com--工作总结】
篇一:[主谓一致语法总结]英语主谓一致重点知识归纳
英语主谓一致重点知识归纳
主谓一致的三个原则 1. 语法一致原则该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词用复数形式：Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。The living-room walls are a light yellow. 客厅的墙是淡黄色。The two factories are in the same locality. 两家工厂都在同一个地区。Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地点靠近公路。A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。 2. 意义一致原则有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式：This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。Paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 论文有一百五十页长。Watch out! The police are coming. 当心，警察来了。Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。 3. 就近原则有时，谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语：Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。
集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 1. 通常用作复数的集合名词police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数：The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。People are beginning to talk about her. 人们开始议论她。Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义：Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式：Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。
3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义： Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths. 足球队队员们在洗澡。It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。【注】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以：The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。
并列结构作主语时谓语动词的数 1. 由and和both...and连接的并列主语此时谓语动词通常用复数。如：Jim and Mary are both interested in it. 吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹俩都是大学生。【注意】(1) 当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，谓语用单数：Every boy and (every) girl likes the book. 每个男孩女孩都喜欢这本书。No desk and (no) chair was seen in the room. 房间里不见桌椅。(2) 当and连接两个数相加时，谓语动词可用单数或复数：Six and eight makes [make] fourteen. 六加八等于十四。(3) 当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语通常要用单数：A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处看见一辆马车。
2. 由or, nor, either...or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but等连接的并列主语此时谓语动词通常与最靠近的主语保持一致(即遵循就近原则)。如：He or I am wrong. 不是他错了，就是我错了。Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。Not only the children but also the mother wants to go. 不仅孩子们想去，母亲也想去。注意这类句型的疑问句形式：Were you or he there? 当时是你还是他在那儿?Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你还是怪他?【注意】在非正式文体中，个别结构(如neither…nor)连接主语时，谓语可用复数：Neither his father nor his mother have [has] come. 他的爸爸和妈妈都没来。 3. 由as well as, as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等连接的并连主语此时谓语动词通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：The teacher as well as the students has read it 不仅学生读过它，老师也读过。The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。
数量概念作主语时谓语动词的数 1. 表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数。如：Twenty years is a long time. 20年是很长的时间。Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。 2. 分数(百分数)作主语“分数(百分数)+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大约有30%的学生未到。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海。【注意】在现代英语中，有时即使该结构中的名词为复数，其谓语也可用单数(即将其视为整体)：Over sixty per cent of families own [owns] a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。 3.“one in [out of]+复数名词”作主语此时谓语动词通常用单数。如：Only one in ten students has passed the examination. 只有十分之一的学生通过了考试。One out of twelve bottles was broken. 每12个瓶子中有一个破了。【注意】在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如：Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全国范围而言，五个成年人中有一个是文盲。 4.“all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名词”作主语此时谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：Most of the people are against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。Most of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球的大部分地区被水覆盖。Half of the apple is bad. 这个苹果有一半是坏的。Half of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中有一半是坏的。
5.“one and a half＋复数名词”与“a＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语此时国内不少书认为，这两个结构作主语，谓语均用单数。如：One and a half months has passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：One and a half months have passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。 6.“the [a] number of+名词”作主语该结构若用定冠词，其后谓语用单数；若用不定冠词，其后谓语用复数：The number of students is 4000. 学生人数为4000。A number of people were absent from the meeting. 许多人开会缺席。注意类似结构：The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的品种丰富。A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各种各样的书。.
不定代词作主语时的主谓一致问题 1. someone, anyone等作主语时someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数：Someone is asking to see you. 有人找你。Nobody is to blame for it. 这谁也不怨。No one wants to read such books. 没有人想看那样的书。 2. all 作主语时若指人，谓语通常用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。比较：All is silent. 万籁俱寂。(指现象)All are silent. 人人都沉默不语。(指具体的人)【注意】若是“all of+名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。 3. either和neither作主语时若是单独作主语，谓语通常用单数：Neither was satisfactory. 两个都不令人满意。The two guests have arrived, and either is welcome. 两位客人都到了，哪一位都受欢迎。【注意】若是“either [neither] of+名词”作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)：Neither of the two computers is [are] cheap. 这两台电脑都不便宜。Is [Are] either of the boys ready? 两个男孩都准备好了吗？I don’t think either of them is [are] at home. 我想他们俩个都会不在家。
4. each作主语或修饰主语时单独用作主语(或修饰主语)，谓语用单数:Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。【注意】(1) 两个或多个“each＋单数名词”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数。(2) “each of＋复数名词或代词”用作主语, 谓语一般要用单数Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语，但很少见，学生宜慎用。 5. none (of) 作主语时若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)：None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。None of the boys like [likes] it. 这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。 6. 关于“one of+复数名词+定语从句”在这一结构中，定语从句的谓语用复数取决于先行词是one还是其后的复数名词。一般说来，在这类结构中，复数名词通常被认为是先行词(即定语从句谓语用复数)，除非one of前有the (only) 修饰(此时定语从句的谓语用单数)：He is one of the people who were killed in the accident. 他是事故中丧命的人之一。He is the only one of the people who was killed in the accident. 他是事故中惟一丧命的人。
单复数同形的名词作主语 有的名词单数与复形同形，如means(方法), sheep(绵羊), fish(鱼), series(系列), works(工厂)等，当它们用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据这些名词的实际意义来确定(到底表示单数还是复数)，此时要特别注意其修饰语和上下文语境。如：Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都试过了。All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都试过了。注：若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可。如：Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?
a (the) number of…作主语时谓语的数 一、“the number +复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。如：The number of the students increased to 500. 学生人数增加到了500人。The number of students absent is 6. 缺席的学生人数为6。
The number of jobs is increasing. 工作的数目正在增加。The number of chairs in the room is ten. 屋内椅子共有十把。The number of the unemployed is still increasing. 失业的人还在增加。The number of cars has greatly in creased. 轿车的数量大大地增加了。The number of stamp-collectors is growing apace. 集邮者的人数在迅速增加。And here are the main points of the news again. The pound has fallen against the dollar. The Prime Minister has said that the government’s economic policies are working. The number of unemployed has reached five million. There has been a fire... 下面把新闻要点再说一遍。英镑对美元的比价已经下跌。首相说政府的经济政策正在起作用。失业人数已经达到500万。发生了一场大火……二、“a number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。如：A number of people were injured. 不少人受了伤。There were a number of swans on the lake. 湖上有好些天鹅。There are a number of factors which we’re to consider. 有很多因素我们需要考虑。A number of houses were burned down in the fire. 在火灾中烧掉了不少房子。A large number ofpeople have come to see the exhibition. 许多人来看展览会。A number of workers have recently left the company. 最近有很多工人辞掉了工作。A number of veterans have retired and some are ready to. 很多老队员已退役，另一些也准备退役。A number of people have tried to find the treasure, but they have all failed. 许多人都努力寻找宝藏，但是他们都失败了。
“the+形容词”作主语时的主谓一致 一、“the+形容词”作主语时，若指一类人，则谓语用复数。如：The young are mostly ambitious. 年轻人多半有雄心。The sick and the wounded were sent home. 伤病员都送回家了。The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。二、若指个别或抽象概念，谓语用单数。如：The beautiful is not always the useful. 美的并不总是有用的。 The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善，善未必是真。注：有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
many a与more than one作主语时谓语的数 many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，从意义上，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。如：■ many a Many a fine man has died in that battle. 许多优秀的士兵死于那次战役。Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. 许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully. 许多成功的店铺都非常乐意地付了房租。■ more than oneMore than one man has been dismissed. 不止一人被解雇了。More than one person is involved in this. 与此事有牵连的人不止一个。If things don’t get better, more than one person is going to have to find a new job. 如果情况没有好转，需要另谋新工作的就不是个别人了。比较：Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the book. 不止一个学生读过这书。
时间、距离、金额作主语时的主谓一致 表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数。如：Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。比较： Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有10块钱这么高的价格。Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那个古钱花了3块钱。 Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很长的时间。 Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他们结婚已有20年了。
百分数作主语谓语动词的数的问题 ■将近百分之七十的资金由政府提供。误：Nearly 70% of the fund were supplied by the Government.正：Nearly 70% of the fund was supplied by the Government.
析：“数词＋percent of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语的数原则上与该结构中名词的数保持一致(这也是各级考试常遵循的原则)，比较：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大约有30%的学生迟到。注：在现代英语中，有时即使以上结构中的名词为复数, 其谓语也可用单数(即将其视为 整体)，如：Over sixty per cent of families own [owns] a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。■现在大分部分教科书都有插图。误：A large percentage of schoolbooks now has pictures.正：A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.析：“a large (small) percentage of＋名词”结构用作主语时, 其谓语的数原则上与该结构中名词的数保持一致。比较：Only a small percentage of the money is mine. 这笔钱当中只有一少部分是我的。注：若其中的名词为表示可数意义的集合名词，则其谓语根据情况可用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)，如：What percentage of the population read(s) books? 识字的人占人口的百分之几?
非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致 非谓语动词(主要指不定式或动名词)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：1. 动名词作主语Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 换乘火车多少有些不便。Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聋又哑很难与人交往。Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there. 从电视上观看那个比赛比现场观看可差远了。Reading by artificial light is bad for the eyes. 阅读时使用人工照明会损害眼睛。Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we’re getting there. 编写词典是费时费事的工作, 但我们一定能成功。Writing a book was a more difficult job than he’d thought. 写书这工作可比他原来想像的难得多。2. 不定式作主语To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的。How to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem. 如何靠我的笔维持生计在当时是一难题。To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods. 碰到这样容易的考卷, 那是老天爷的恩赐。To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的。To say that he was displeased is an understatement. 说他不高兴是重事轻说。To move house requires forward planning. 要搬家得先做好计划。To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是讲出了我的秘密就是把我自己出卖了。
从句作主语时的主谓一致 从句(即主语从句)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Whoever told you that was lying. 不管这话是谁对你说的，都是撒谎。Whichever climber gets to the top first will get a ￡5,000 prize. 不管是谁首先爬到山顶都将获得5000英镑的奖金。Whether he has signed the contract or not doesn’t matter. 他是否在合同上签了字，是无关紧要的。What he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain. 他主要希望能有一个解释的机会。注：当主语从句后接的表语时复数时，有时也可用复数谓语。如：What she needs is (are) friends. 她需要的是朋友。
“主语+介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致 按英语习惯，介词短语通常不用作主语，所以当主语后跟有一个介词短语时，其后谓语动词的数只与介词短语前面的主语保持一致，而与介词短语无关。如：A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。Everybody but you knows what was happening. 除了你以外，人人都知道出了什么事。The teacher, together with some of his pupils, was cleaning the room. 教师和他的一些学生一起在打扫教室。以下两例中的 as well as 也可视为介词，其后谓语与 as well as 前面的主语保持一致：The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生和他们的老师出席了会议。I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。
不定代词作主语的主语一致归纳 1. 单数型：someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；either, neither, each, little, much 等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Nothing is yet certain. 一切都还没有肯定。Neither was satisfactory. 两者都不使人满意。No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期时没人到学校去。2. both, few, several, many作主语：此时谓语要用复数。如：Few of them are any good. 它们没有几个有用。Many have given their lives in the cause of truth. 为了真理许多人献出了生命。3. all 作主语：若指人，谓语用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。如：All are equal before the law. 法律面前，人人平等。All is well that ends well. 结局好一切都好。注：若all 后修饰有其他名词或接有“of+名词”，则其谓语与其中名词的数保持一致。All (of) the money is mine. 所有这些钱都是我的。All (of) his friends are poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。4. none (of) 作主语：若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(较正式)或复数(非正式)。如：None of the rooms are ready. 房间一个也没准备好。None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。None of the telephones is [are] working. 没有一部电话中是好的。5. the rest 作主语：指不可数名词时谓语用单数，指可数名词时谓语用复数。如：The rest of the money is yours. 剩余的钱归你。The rest are arriving later. 其他人稍候就到。
篇二:[主谓一致语法总结]主谓一致知识点归纳及专项训练
主谓一致知识点归纳及专项训练
主谓一致
英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则：
1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。
【语法一致原则】
I ．主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。e．g．
①I love / She loves music ． 我/ 她爱好音乐。
②Are your mother a worker ? （误）你母亲是工人吗?
Is your mother a worker ?（正）（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）
II ．主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1．“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数谓语形式。e．g．
①The work is important ． 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty ． 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story ． 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2． 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e．g．
①The children are taken good care of ． 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu ． 他们去成都了。
II． 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：
1．通常作复数用 。e．g．
①Plastics and rubber never rot ． 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree． 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine ． 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2． 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。e．g．
①The worker and writer has come ． 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance ． 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy ． 真诚是最好的策略。
3． “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each，every ，many ，a ，no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。e．g．
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here．这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity ．没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ． 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：
1． a）“many a ＋ 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good （great ） many ＋ 复名”接复数谓语。e．g．
①Many a fine man has died for it ． 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting ． 许多家长出席了会议。
b）"a / an ＋ 单名＋ or two " 大多接单数谓语： "one or two ＋ 复名"接复数谓语。e．g．
①Only a word or two is （are ）needed． 只需说一两句。
②One or two reasoms were suggested ． 提出一两条理由。
c）"a / an ＋ 单名＋ and a half"常接单数谓语；“one and a half ＋复名”多接复数谓语。e．g．
①A year and a half has passed ． 一年半已过去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold ． 已卖了一吨半大米。
d） "more than one ＋ 单名"大多接单数谓语。e．g．
①More than one person was （were ）absent ． 不止一个人缺席。
"more ＋ 复名＋ than one "接复数谓语。e．g．
②More students than one have been there ． 不止一个学生去过那儿。
"more than two （three，…）＋复名 " 接复数谓语。e．g．
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert ． 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。
2 ，主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind （sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… ）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。e．g．
a）①There is only a small quantity of paper （books ） left ． 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。
②Large quantities of water are needed ． 需要大量的水。
b）①This kind of apple is sweet ． 这种苹果甜。
②This kind of apples is （are） sweet ． （大多依 kind ，作单数用 ）
③These kind（s） of apple（s） are sweet ． （总作复数用）
但：Apples of this kind are sweet ． （总作复数用）
3． 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with ，along with ，together with ，as well as ， but ， besides ， except ，added to ， including ， like ，no less than ， rather than ， more than ”等。e．g．
①A woman with two children has come ． 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you ． 不仅他们，我也愿帮助你。
4． "one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 定语从句"：
1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e．g．
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year ． 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”）
②He was one of the boys who were praised ． 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2）若“one”前加“this， the ，the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。e．g．
He was the only one of the boys who was praaised ．他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。（关系词who 代 the only one ）
【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】
I． 集合名词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1． 有些通常作复数用（不变词形）。如：“people ， police ， cattle （牛，牲口），folk ， youth ， militia （民兵）”，等。e．g．
The police have caught the murderer ．警方已捕获凶手。
2． 有些指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数（不变词形）。如 "army ， audience（听众），class ，club （俱乐部） ，company（公司）， committee（委员会） ，crew ，crowd ，staff（员工） ，family ，public ，government ，group ，party ，union ，couple ，population ，team ．"等。e．g．
①Our family is a happy one ． 我们有个幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers ． 这家人都起得早。
③The public are （is ）requested not to litter ． 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如：families ， two classes ．等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如：peoples多个民族。 youths男青年。 folks亲友。
II． 代词作主语时：（参见“代词”部分）
1． 不定代词"each ，one ， much， （a）little ，elther ，neither ，another ，the other（＋单名）"等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e．g．
①Each of the girls （Each girl） has a new hat ． 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me ．③Neither of the plans suits / suit me ． 两个计划都不适合我。
2． 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：“someone ，somebody ，something ，anybody ，anyone ，anything ，everybody ，everyone ，eveything ，nobody ，no one ，nothig ”等。e．g．
①Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗?
②There was nothing special then． 那时没什么特别情况。
3． 下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ，many ，several， both”等。e．g．
①Few （of the guests ） were familiar to us ． 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的。
②Both / Both （of ） these are interesting ． 两部影片都有趣。
4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：
1）“what ，which ，who ，whose ”等。e．g．
①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁?
②Who are League Members ．哪些是团员?
2）"all ， some ，more ，most ，any ，none ，a lot（of ）， lots （of ），"等。e．g．
①All （of the students ） are working hard ．（所有的学生）都在用功。
②All （of the paint ） is fine ．（这些油漆）都很好。
3）"half（of）， plenty （of）， the rest（of）， （a）part（of）， the remainder（of ）余下的）"，等。e．g．
①Half of the apples are bad ．苹果中有一半是坏的。
②Half of the apple is bad ．这只苹果坏了一半。
Ⅲ．“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时：（参见“数词”部分。）
1． 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。e．g．
Ten times four makes（make） forty ．＋ 乘以四得四十。
2．表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e．g．
①Twenty years is not a long time ． 二十年光阴，弹指一挥间。
②Twenty years have passed since he left ． 他离开已二十个年头了。
3．“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e．g．
①About 40 percent / two－fifths of the books here are （is） worth reading ． 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。
②Only sixty percent / three－fifths of the work was done yesterday ．昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4． "a number of （许多）/ a varlety of （各式各样） "＋复数名词，常作复数用。e．g．
①A number of students in this class are （is） from Sichuan ． 这个班有不少同学来自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop．这家商店有各种各样的玩具。
但是，“the number（数目）/ the variety（种类）”＋ of ＋ 复数名词，作单数。e．g．
①The number of students in this college has doubled ． 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich ． 这家商店货物品种丰富。
Ⅳ．单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时：（参见“名词”部分）
1．以“－ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。e．g．
Mathematics seems easy to me ．我似乎觉得数学不难。
但是，表“具体的学业、活动”等时，多用作复数。e．g．
①Her mathematics are weak ． 她数学差。（指“学业成绩、能力”）
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治观点如何?
2． “works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e．g．
①This works was（These works were）built two years ago ． 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。
②Every means has （All means have） been tried ． 各种办法都试过了。
这类名词通常还有“fish ，deer ，sheep ，headquarters （总部驻地），bellows（风箱）， plastics， gallows （绞架）， manners（礼貌） ，whereabouts （行踪）， ”等。（但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。）
Ⅴ． "the ＋ 形容词/分词"作主语时：
1． 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用。e．g．
①The English speak English． 英国人讲英语。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner ． 废品堆在角落里。
2．指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。e．g．
①The deceased was his father ． 去世的是他父亲。
②The agreeable is not always the useful ． 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old ． 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
Ⅵ．专用名词作主语时：
1．“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e．g．
①The United States was founded in 1776． 美国成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting ． 《天方夜谭》很有趣。
2．“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可，尤其是编成集子的书。e．g．
Dickens" Amerian Notes were （was ） published in 1842 ．
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年。
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时：
1． 大多作单数用。e．g．
①What we need is more practice ． 我们需要的是更多的实践。
②What he says doesn"t agree with what he does ． 他言行不一致。
2．若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e．g．
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine ． 你怎么说以及怎么想，不关我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books ． 他所买的是几本书。
【就近一致原则（Proximity）】
也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
I．在正式文体中：
1．由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ； either …or；nor； neither…or；whether…or；not…but； not only…but also" ； 等。e．g．
①What he does or what he says does not concern me ． 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong ． 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame ． 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut（also） he is wrong ．不仅你错了，他也错了。
2． 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e．g．
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people ． 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is （are） a pen and some books on the desk ．桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II． 非正式文体中：
有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e．g．
Neither she nor I were there （意义一致） 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式）
Neither she nor I was there ．（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）
但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e．g．
No one except his own supporters agree with him ．仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
主谓一致练习题
1．Nobody but Jane ____ the secret．
A．know B． knows C． have known D． is known
2．All but one _____ here just now
A． is B． was C ．has been D． were
3．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A． is B． are C． am D． be
4．A library with five thousnd books _______ to the nation as a gift．
A． is offered B ．have offered C． are offered D． has offered
5．When and where to build the new factory _____ yet．
A． is not decided B． are not decided C． has not decided D． have not decided
6．The number of people invited ______ fifty， but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons．
A． were ， was B． was ， was C． was ， were D． were ， were
7．_____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass．
A． Two fifth ， is B． Two fifth ， are C． Two fifths ， is D． Two fifths ， are
8．This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked．
A． have B． has C． have been D． has been
9．Between the two rows of trees _____ the teaching building．
A． stand B． stands C． standing D． are
10．All that can be done
A ．has been done B ．has done C． have done D． were done
11．They each _____ a new dictionary．
A． has B． have C． is D．are
12．The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting．
A． has B． have C ．are D ．is
13．I have finished a large part of the book ； the rest _____more difficult．
A． is B． are C． was D． were
14．The wounded _______ by the hospital．
A． have been taken in B． has been taken in C． have taken in D ．has taken in
KEYS： 1－5 BDBAC 6－10 CCCBA 11－14 BBAA
Subject－verb Concord（主谓一致练习题）
1． Neither he nor I ___ for the plan．
a． were b． is c． are d． am
2． My family as well as I ___ glad to see you．
a． was b． is c． are d． am
3． My father， together with some of his old friends， ___ there already．
a． will be b． had been c． has been d． have been
4． There are two roads and either ___ to the station．
a． is leading b． are leading c． lead d． leads
5． Nine plus three ___ twelve．
a． are making b． is making c． make d． makes
6． Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover．
a． seem to be b． is c． are d． were
7． Very few ___ his address in the town．
a． has known b． are knowing c． know d． knows
8． When and where this took place ___ still unknown．
a． has b． is c． were d． are
9． I know that all ___ getting on well with her．
a． were b． are c． is d． was
10． The rest of the novel ___ very interesting．
a． seem b． is c． are d． were
11． Our family ___ a happy one．
a． are b． was c． are d． is
12． The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the countryside in our school．
a． was b． were c． is d． are
13． More than one answer ___ to the question．
a． had given b． were given c． has been given d． have been given
14． The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary．
a． are having b． had c． has d． have
15． The pair of shoes ___ worn out．
a． had been b． have been c． were d． was
16． A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting．
a． had been b． were c． is d． was
17． Those who ___ singing may join us．
a． is fond of b． enjoy c． likes d． are liking
18． There ___ a knife and fork on the table．
a． are b． is seeming to be c． seem to be d． seems to be
19． Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers．
a． will be b． are c． is d． was
20． The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words．
a． is b． had c． were d． was
21． The wounded ___ good care of here now．
a． is taking b． are taking c． are being taken d． is taken
22． Deer ___ faster than dogs．
a． will run b． are running c． runs d． run
23． The police ___ a prisoner．
a． are searched for b． is searching c． are searching for d． is searching for
24． It was reported that six ___ including a boy．
a． had killed b． was killing c． were killed d． was killed
25． The United Nations ___ in 1945．
a． was found b． was founded c． were founded d． were found
26． I， who ___ your good friend， will share your joys and sorrows．
a． was b． are c． is d． am
27． Between the two buildings ___ a monument．
a． is standing b． standing c． stands d． stand
28． Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full－time job．
a． have b． has c． are d． is
29． Peter， perhaps John， ___ playing with the little dog．
a． seems b． were c． are d． is
30． Many a student ___ that mistake before．
a． had made b． has been made c． have made d． has made
31． The Arabian Nights ___ well known to English lovers．
a． is being b． are c． were d． is
32． Your new clothes fit you， but mine ___ me．
a． don’t fit for b． doesn’t fit for c． don’t fit d． doesn’t fit
33． Tom’s teacher and friend ___ Mr Smith．
a． has b． are being c． is d． are
34． All that can be eaten ___ eaten up．
a． have been b． had been c． has been d． are being
35． Some person ___ calling for you at the gate．
a． will be b． is being c． is d． are
36． On each side of the street ___ a lot of trees．
a． are grown b． is standing c． grow d． stands
37． The number of the people who ___ cars ___ increasing．
a． own…．are b． own…is c． owns…is d． owns…are
38． No one except Jack and Tom ___ the answer．
a． are knows b． is knowing c． knows d． know
39． Nothing but cars ___ in the shop．
a． are going to sell b． were sold c． are sold d． is sold
40． Here is a message of importance to every man and woman who ___．
a． votes b． vote c． voting d． are voting
41． Politics ___ one of the subjects that I study．
a． are b． is c． were d． was
42． ___ already been interviewed．
a． A number of applicants have b． A number of applicants has
c． The number of applicants have d． The number of applicants has
43． ___ is misused in the sentence．
a． A word or two b． One or two words c． One and two words d． Many words
44． There ___ priceless jewellery on display at the exhibition hall．
a． are b． have c． is d． has
45． I am the one who___ wrong．
a． am b． is c． are d． have been
46． Each of the footballers ___ over 150 pounds．
a． weigh b． weighs c． weights d． were weighing
47． There is ___ rice．
a． few b． a few c． many d． a great deal of
48． Half of the material ___ away．
a． has been taken b． are taken c． have been taken d． were taken
49． The manager or his assistant ___ planning to go．
a． was b． were c． be d． will
50． There ___ in this room．
a． are too many furnitures b． are too much furniture
c． are too much furnitures d． is too much furniture
51． His brother rather than his parents ___．
a． are to be blamed b． is to blame c． are to blame d． is to be blamed．
52． What caused the accident and who was responsible for it ___ a mystery to us．
a． has been remained b． have been remained c． remain d． remains
53． To know merely the main facts ___ enough．
a． are b． be c． being d． is
54． Watering the flowers and looking after the children ___ all I have to do every day．
a． are b． is c． was d． were
55． Each boy and each girl ___ a new book．
a． have gone b． has gone c． have got d． has got
56． American and Dutch beer ___ both much lighter than British．
a． are b． is c． were d． was
57． It is not I but you who ___the first to run to the goal in that competition．
a． is b． was c． are d． is going to
58． Every means ___ been tried since then．
a． has b． have c． are d． is
59． One and a half bananas ___on the table．
a． are left b． is left c． have left d． has left
60． There ___ in this room．
a． are too many rooms b． are too much room
C．． are plenty of rooms d ．is plenty of room．
KEYS
1－10 DCCDD BCBCB 11－20 DCCDD BBDBC 21－30 CDCCB DCDDD
31－40 DCCCC CBCDA 41－50 BAACB BDAAD 51－60 BCDAD ACABD
篇三:[主谓一致语法总结]英语语法必备：“最全”语法知识总结之“主谓一致”！干货！
在前面几篇文章中，陆续与大家分享了定语从句 、 状语从句、名词性从句、 动词的时态和语态、 情态动词 、虚拟语气、和非谓语动词相关的语法知识点，下来呢，我就接着分享有关 主谓一致的知识点，希望能够对您和您的孩子的英语学习有好的帮助。
关于英语和语法的重要性，之前的文章中也有简单提及了，英语作为三大主科之一，重要性不用说太多学生和家长心里肯定也是明白的，我就没必要再在这里多说了。
唯一希望的就是下面与大家分享的内容能够帮助孩子们更好的学习英语，解决主谓一致这方面的语法问题。
想要了解更多中学英语语法知识的家长和孩子可以查看我前面的文章了解。之所以分多篇文章介绍这些知识点也是考虑到篇幅问题，希望大家谅解。
以上就是与大家今天与大家分享的全部了，希望能够帮助到您。
在孩子的成长过程中难免会遇到很多问题，我致力于中小学教育，每天会在朋友圈分享一些提高记忆力、学习方法、等方面内容，有兴趣的家长可以关注。
还有开放免费的公益课，有任何学习上的问题，都可随时在微信上向我咨询，我都将免费为您解答。
