【www.shanpow.com--说明文】
【一】:有关affect的用法说明
有关affect的用法说明 1. 表示“影响”(及物)，有以下两种用法：①表示一般性的“影响”(不分好坏)：Their opinion will notaffect my decision. 他们的意见不会影响我的决定。Does thischange affect your plans? 这样一改不会影响你的计划吧?②表示“-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示...产生不良影响”：Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。
The noise from the street affected our work. 街上的嘈杂声影响了我们的工作。
2. 表示“感动”、“感伤”(及物)：The sight affected her totears. 此情此景使她感动得流泪。The sight affected T-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">
His death affected us deeply. 他的死使我们很感伤。
3. 区别 affect 与 effect：①affect(影响，感动)通常只用作动词(及物)，而不用作名词。②effect(影响) 通常只用作名词 (可数或不可数)，且主要用于have an effect (on) 这类结构；有时虽用作动词(及物)，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现，而表示”或“产生”等，且通常以“改进”、“变化”之类的词作宾语。③表示“影响”时，affect＝have an effect on：To affect apolicy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。 The news did not affect her at all. ＝ Thenews had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。
【二】:affect, effect, influence用法区别
affect, effect, influence用法区别
区别一：affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者的关系大致为：affect＝have an effect on。如：
To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。
The news did not affect her at all.＝The news had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。
注：effect 有时虽用作动词(及物)，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。如： They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了。 He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司发生了巨大的变化。
区别二：influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。如： What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。(from )
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
【三】:pretend的用法
pretend to be doing 是强调不定式的动作正在进行的过程中.
pretend to do是强调假装要做某事,而不一定正在进行或者是已经发生.
还有一种完成式pretend to have done 强调假装后面的动作已经完成.
pretend
vt.
假装,装扮,(作为藉口或理由)伪称
www.shanpow.com_affect用法。 To give a false appearance of; feign:
伪装：显示一副假面貌;伪装：
“You had to pretend conformity while privately pursuing high and dangerous nonconformism”(Anthony Burgess)
“当你私下里追求崇高而又危险的新教教义时,你仍得假装信奉国教”(安东尼·伯吉斯)
To claim or allege insincerely or falsely; profess:
假称：不诚实地或虚假地要求或宣称;自称：
doesn't pretend to be an expert.
不要伪称是个专家
To represent fictitiously in play; make believe:
装扮：在戏剧中虚构地扮演;使相信：
pretended they were on a cruise.
他们假装在海上巡逻
To take upon oneself; venture:
大胆冒昧地做：使自己承担义务;冒险干某事：
I cannot pretend to say that you are wrong.
我不敢说你是错误的
www.shanpow.com_affect用法。 v.intr.(不及物动词)
To feign an action or a character,as in play.
扮演：假扮某种行为或某个角色,如在戏剧中假扮
To put forward a claim.
自称：提出要求
To make pretensions:
假装,矫作：
pretends to gourmet tastes.
自命有美食家的品味
adj.Informal (形容词)【非正式用语】
Imitation; make-believe:
模仿的;仿制的：
pretend money; pretend pearls.
伪币;假珍珠
Middle English pretenden
中古英语 pretenden
from Old French pretendre
源自 古法语 pretendre
from Latin praetendere
源自 拉丁语 praetendere
prae- [pre-]
prae- [前缀,表“在…之前”]
tendere [to extend] * see ten-
tendere [延伸,延长] *参见 ten-
pretend,assume,affect,simulate,feign,fake,counterfeit
These verbs all mean to take on a false or misleading appearance.
这些动词都指采用虚伪的或误导的表象.
Pretend often suggests a vain or transparent attempt to fool or deceive:
Pretend 经常暗示一种徒劳地或明显地去愚弄或欺骗：
“My bedmate pretended to be asleep” (George W.Cable).
“我的枕边人假装睡着了” (乔治·W·凯布尔).
Assume may—but does not necessarily—connote dishonesty,insincerity,or trickery:
Assume 有可能——但是并不必然地——意味着不诚实,不诚心或欺骗：
“Assume a virtue,if you have it not” (Shakespeare).
“假如你没有美德的话,那就假装你有美德” (莎士比亚).
I assumed an air of confidence that I was far from feeling.
在我远远感受不到自信时,我显示出一副自信的神气.
Affect suggests an effort to give the appearance of something either out of personal preference or to make an impression:
Affect 暗示了一种出于个人喜好或想要留下好印象而有意显示出某种神态的努力：
“He affects the disdainful petulance of a rock star” (Annalyn Swan).
“他假装出摇滚明星般倔傲的任性” (阿那林·斯旺).
Simulate emphasizes the assumption of an appearance or a form that closely resembles reality:
Simulate 强调外表的假装或近似现实的形式：
“A ...verdant scum upon the surface of deep pools simulated the turf that had been removed” (John Lothrop Motley).The remaining terms—feign,fake,and counterfeit —all imply at least a measure of deliberate sham.
“深潭表面上青绿的浮藻给人一种假象,好象草地被转移了” (约翰·洛恩罗普莫·特利).剩下的几个词如feign,fake 和 counterfeit 都暗示有某种程度的虚假.
Feign suggests false representation or fictitious fabrication:
Feign 指错误的表现或人为的制造：
The child feigned a look of innocence when his mother asked who had eaten the cake.
当他妈妈问谁吃了蛋糕时,那个小孩装出无辜的表情
Fake implies fraudulent simulation:
Fake 指欺骗性的伪装和冒充：
He faked an interest in my work.
他假装对我的工作感兴趣.
Counterfeit denotes a close imitation that can often pass for an original:
Counterfeit 暗指几乎可以假乱真的很相近的模仿：
“Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee” (Oliver Goldsmith).
“他们带着伪装得极好的喜悦大笑” (奥利弗·哥尔德史密斯)
【四】:reply的过去式和用法例句
reply做动词有回答;答复;回应等意思，那么你知道reply的过去式是什么吗?下面学习啦小编为大家带来reply的过去式和用法例句，供大家参考学习!
reply的过去式和其他时态：
过去式: replied
过去分词: replied
现在分词: replying
reply的用法：
reply的用法1：reply的基本意思是“回答”“答复”“作答”,主要指用语言文字对问题、指控、辩论、质问、起诉或致意等给予回答,也可指用行动回答,是较为正式的书面用语。
reply的用法2：reply可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时常与介词to或for连用; 用作及物动词时接that引导的宾语从句,有时也可引出直接引语。
reply的过去式例句：
1. "That's a nice dress," said Michael. "Thanks," she replied solemnly.
“那件衣服很好看，”迈克尔说。“谢谢，”她严肃地回答。
2. Mary Ann asked him how dinner had been. "The pits," he replied.
玛丽·安问他晚餐怎么样，他回答说：“糟透了。”
3. A taciturn man, he replied to my questions in monosyllables.
他寡言少语，回答我的问题时只是往外蹦单字。
www.shanpow.com_affect用法。 4. Arvo avoided committing himself. "I'm afraid that's not my province," hereplied.
阿尔沃不想作出承诺，“恐怕那不归我管，”他回答说。
5. "Yes, Mum," replied Cheryl as she slowly put away her doll.
“是的，妈妈。”谢里尔一边慢慢地收起布娃娃一边回答。
6. "Yes," he replied, though it sounded suspiciously like a question.
“是”,他答道,但听起来语气中充满了疑问.
7. "I don't know where he is," Hughes replied. "I'm not his keeper."
“我不知道他在哪儿，”休斯回答说。“我又不是他的保姆。”
8. The officer replied in halting German.
这位官员用结结巴巴的德语作答。
9. "Forget it," he replied dismissively.
“算了，”他不屑地答道。
10. She replied to a lonely hearts ad.
她回应了一则征友广告。
11. "I don't know," Pollard replied, professing innocence.
“我不知道，”波拉德回答说，谎称自己是无辜的。
12. "I quite understand," he replied.
“我非常理解，”他答道。
13. "A handsome offer", she replied, tweaking his cheek.
“一个慷慨的提议”，她拧着他的面颊回答道。
14. To their surprise, hundreds replied to the advertisement.
令他们吃惊的是，有几百人对广告作出了回应。
15. He replied in characteristically robust style.
像以往一样，他的回答铿锵有力。
