【www.shanpow.com--热门范文】
【一】:组播路由配置
组播路由配置
目 录
第1章 组播路由概述 .................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 神州数码的组播路由实现 ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 组播路由配置任务列表 ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.1 基本组播配置任务列表 ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 IGMP配置任务列表 .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3 PIM-DM配置任务列表 .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.4 PIM-SM配置任务列表 .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.5 DVMRP配置任务列表 .......................................................................................................................... 3
第2章 基本的组播路由配置 ....................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 启动组播路由 ................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 端口上启动组播功能 ...................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 启动OLNK ............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2.2 启动PIM-DM .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3 启动PIM-SM .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.4 启动DVMRP .......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 配置TTL阈值 ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 取消组播快速转发 .......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.5 配置组播静态路由 .......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.6 配置IP组播边界 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.7 配置IP组播流量控制 ..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.8 配置IP组播Helper .......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.9 配置Stub组播路由 ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.10 监视和维护组播路由 .................................................................................................................................... 9
第3章 IGMP配置 ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 简介................................................................................................................................................................... 10www.shanpow.com_路由器组播设置。
3.2 IGMP配置 ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 更改IGMP当前运行的版本 ............................................................................................................ 10
3.2.2 配置IGMP查询间隔 ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.3 配置IGMP Querier间隔 ..................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.4 配置IGMP最大响应时间 ................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.5 配置IGMP最后一个组成员查询间隔 ........................................................................................... 12
3.2.6 IGMP静态配置 .................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.7 配置IGMP Immediate-leave列表 ....................................................................................................... 13
3.3 IGMP特性配置举例 ........................................................................................................................................ 14
第4章 PIM-DM配置 ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 PIM-DM简介 ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 配置PIM-DM .................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 调整定时器 ......................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.2 指定版本号 ......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.3 配置状态刷新 ..................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.4 配置过滤列表 ..................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.5 设置DR优先级 .................................................................................................................................. 19
4.2.6 清除(S,G)信息 ..................................................................................................................................... 19
4.3 PIM-DM状态刷新配置举例 ........................................................................................................................... 19www.shanpow.com_路由器组播设置。
第5章 配置PIM-SM ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.1 PIM-SM简介 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.2 PIM-SM配置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.1 启动PIM-SM ........................................................................................................................................ 21
5.2.2 配置静态RP ....................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.3 配置候选BSR ..................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2.4 配置候选RP ....................................................................................................................................... 22
5.2.5 显示PIM-SM组播路由 ...................................................................................................................... 22
5.2.6 清除PIM-SM学习的组播路由 ........................................................................................................ 22
5.3 配置举例 .......................................................................................................................................................... 22
5.3.1 PIM-SM配置举例 ................................................................................................................................. 22
5.3.2 BSR配置举例 ...................................................................................................................................... 23
第6章 配置DVMRP ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 DVMRP简介 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2 DVMRP配置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2.1 启动DVMRP ........................................................................................................................................ 26
6.2.2 配置路由汇总 ..................................................................................................................................... 26
6.2.3 配置端口强制叶节点 ........................................................................................................................ 26
6.2.4 配置路由过滤器 ................................................................................................................................ 26
6.2.5 显示DVMRP单播路由 ...................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.6 显示DVMRP组播路由 ...................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.7 清除DVMRP学习的组播路由 ........................................................................................................ 27
6.3 DVMRP配置举例 ............................................................................................................................................. 27
第1章 组播路由概述
本章描述如何配置组播路由协议。如果要了解本章组播路由命令的完整描述，请参考其它有关 "组播路由命令"的章节。
传统的IP传输只允许一台主机向单个主机（单播通信）或者所有主机（广播通信），组播技术则提供第三种选择：允许一台主机向某些主机发送保文。这些主机被称为组成员。 发送到组成员的保文目的地址是某个D类地址（224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255）。组播保文的传输类似于UDP，只是一种尽力保证的服务，不提供类似于TCP的可靠传输和差错控制。
构成组播的应用需要发送方和接收方。发送方无需加入某个组就可以发送组播保文，而接收方必须事先加入某个组才能接收到这个组的保文。
组成员的关系是动态的，主机可以随时加入或者离开某个组，而且组成员的位置和个数没有任何限制。如果需要，一台主机可以同时多个组的成员。因此，组的活动状态和组成员的个数可随着时间发生变化。
路由器通过执行组播路由协议（例如PIM-DM，PIM-SM等）来维护转发组播保文的路由表，通过IGMP协议来学习在直连网段上组成员的状态。主机通过发送IGMP Report消息来加入特定的IGMP组。
IP组播技术的上述特定非常适合于“一对多”的多媒体应用。
1.1 神州数码的组播路由实现
在神州数码的路由器软件中，组播路由包括如下协议：
IGMP运行于局域网上的路由器和主机之间，跟踪组成员的关系。 OLNK是一种静态的静态组播技术，用于简单的拓扑结构中，即能实现组播转发，
又能有效减少组播路由协议对CPU和带宽的浪费。
PIM-DM/PIM-SM/DVMRP是动态的组播路由协议，运行在路由器之间，通过建立组播路由表来实现组播转发。
下图显示了在IP组播环境中应用到的组播协议：
1.2 组播路由配置任务列表
1.2.1 基本组播配置任务列表
启动组播路由（必选）
配置TTL门槛（可选）
取消组播快速转发（可选）
配置组播静态路由（可选）
配置组播边界（可选）
配置组播 Helper（可选）
配置Stub组播路由（可选）
监视和维护组播路由（可选）
1.2.2 IGMP配置任务列表
更改IGMP当前运行的版本
配置IGMP查询间隔
配置IGMP Querier间隔
配置IGMP最大响应时间
配置IGMP最后一个组成员查询间隔
【二】:组播路由协议配置(cisco)
常用组播路由协议配置方法
1 IGMP协议配置
1.1 IGMP基本设置
1.1.1 配置路由器加入到一个组播组：
Router(config-if)# ip igmp join-group 225.2.2.2
1.1.2 控制某个接口下主机能够加入的组播组
ip igmp access-group access-list
【例如】
Router(config)# access-list 1 225.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
Router(config)# interface ethernet 0
Router(config-if)ip igmp access-group 1
ACL可以同时对组播报文的源和目的地址控制，达到过滤组播源，同时也能过滤特定接收主机的作用，例如：
Deny all state for a group G
deny igmp any host G
permit igmp any any
Deny all state for a source S
deny igmp host S any
permit igmp any any
Permit all state for a group G
permit igmp any host G
Permit all state for a source S
permit igmp host S any
Filter a particular source for a group G
deny igmp host S host G
permit igmp any host G
1.1.3 IGMP版本切换
Router(config-if)# ip igmp version {2|3}
1.1.4 IGMP查询间隔时间：默认60s
Router(config-if)# ip igmp query-interval 120
1.1.5 IGMP查询超时时间：默认为2倍的查询间隔时间
Router(config-if)# ip igmp query-timeout 30
1.1.6 IGMP查询最大响应时间：默认为10s
Router(config-if)# ip igmp query-max-response-time 8
1.2 IGMP Proxy
如图2，当C收到组播请求后，发送一条PIM-SM join的消息给B，Ｂ发送一个IGMP
的请求到A，A通过一条单播链路将数据传送到B，这个过程就需要一个IGMP的代理，配置如下：
图2
【例如】
Router A Configuration
interface ethernet 0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
!
interface ethernet 1
ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
ip igmp unidirectional link
!
interface ethernet 2
ip address 10.3.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router B Configuration
ip pim rp-address 10.5.1.1 5
access-list 5 permit 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255.255
!
interface loopback 0
ip address 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
ip igmp helper-address udl ethernet 0
ip igmp proxy-service
!
interface ethernet 0
ip address 10.2.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip pim dense-mode
ip igmp unidirectional link
!
interface ethernet 1
ip address 10.5.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip pim sparse-mode
ip igmp mroute-proxy loopback 0
!
interface ethernet 2
ip address 10.6.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router C Configuration
