【www.shanpow.com--西游记歇后语】
【一】:中考阅读题(含答案)
南京
Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, Indiana. Last year, he taught his students about the world‟s rain forests. They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food, wood, and medicine.
Destruction of the world‟s rain forests is a serious problem. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers‟ students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.
So last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river. They saw alligators and crocodiles. In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest. “The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest. They broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us,” one of the students said, “It was a great learning experience for all of us,” said Myers.
Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving the plants, animals, food, and culture. During the last few days the group had time to do fun activities. They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica‟s active volcano.
Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.
36. How much did Myers‟ students pay for the rain forest they bought?
A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $2000
37. What did Myers and his students do at the beginning of the trip?
A. They went into the rain forest. B. They bought acres of rain forest.
C. They took a boat ride down a river. D. They visited Costa Rica‟s active volcano.
38. The word “Destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means “the process of being ______.”
A. destroyed B. developed C. described D. discovered.
39. When the monkeys saw Myers and his students, they ___________.
A. felt excited B. felt angry C. jumped off the trees D. left the rain forest
40. The passage mainly shows that Myers and his students __________.
A. did something to protect rain forest
B. wanted to buy the rain forest in Costa Rica
C. were interested in the culture of Costa Rica
D. went to the rain forest for various fun activities
36-40 BCABA
宁波
Do you know Roma people? They were called Gypsies(吉普赛人) by Europeans because they thought they came from Egypt(a country in Africa). About a thousand years ago, the Roma people left their homeland. They are known as nomads because for hundreds of years many of them have lived in large groups that travel from place to place. They have no real homeland.
Today, the Roma are now living all over the world. They have kept their language and many customs. For example, it's important for Roma to marry other Roma. It's also a custom for parents to choose the person their children will marry. Roma people get married when they are young, sometimes even as young as 14.
Romany is the language of the Roma people , which was written down only recently. Because the
Roma are nomadic and have moved all over the world, their language has developed in many different ways. It is sometimes hard for Roma in one part of the world to understand Roma from another part.
Roma music is famous all over the world, because many Roma throughout history have been musicians. Their music has influenced many other kinds of music, like classical and jazz.
Roma don't usually assimilate(同化) into host countries. Over many centuries, governments have forbidden them to marry each other, travel or wear their traditional bright clothes. They have their gold taken away from them —treasures(财富) from their parents and grandparents. They have been taken as slaves(奴隶), and have been forced to change their names.
But today, the Roma are finding ways to live in peace with others while keeping the treasures of their culture. " There's a will within us to continue to live as a people," says George Kaslov, whose family arrived in New York from Russia a hundred years ago. "All the other ethnic(种族) groups who came to America assimilate gradually with time going; they lose their customs and language. But not the Roma. We hold out."
66. What does the underlined word "nomads" in the 1st paragraph mean?
A. People who lived centuries ago. B. People who come from Roma.
C. People who have their own homeland D. People who move from place to place.
67. What's the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. George Kaslov has a strong will to live on.
B. The Roma still keep their customs and language.
C. The Roma are finding ways to keep the gold of their own.
D. Most ethnic groups assimilate into host countries step by step.
68. What can we infer about the Roma according to the passage?
A. Most of the Roma live in very unusual houses.
B. Their language is endangered and may soon die out.
C. Their culture is very different from other European cultures.
D. Most Roma get married either when they are very young or very old.
69. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To tell readers about an interesting culture.
B. To tell us why the Roma need our help.
C. To show us how all people are similar.
D. To ask people how to live in peace.
70. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Brave Roma Travelers B. Famous Roma Music
C. The Roma: Past and Present D. Changing Countries, Changing Cultures
66—70 DBCAC
杭州
How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first languages? Do you count on your fingers?Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States,people think begin counting with their first fingers,which they extend or stick out.They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指）to count to five.Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten.In China,people count by using different finger positions.In this way, a Chinese person
can easily count to ten on only one hand.
Besides ways of finger counting,scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers.Some languages have only a few words for numbers,and others have no words for numbers.A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的）people in Australia.These people don‟t have hand movements to stand for numbers.They don‟t even have word for numbers.However,they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.
In a similar study,researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落） in northwestern Brazil don‟t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three.”.They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees,” “more trees,” or “many trees.” Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count, “but here is a group that does not count.They could learn,but is‟t not useful in their culture,so they‟ve never picked it up.”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量）,not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting.Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives.Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math,too.
51.The writer begins with the four questions in order to______.
A.make a survey B.interest readers
C.tell a story D.solve math problems
52.What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China?
A.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.
B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten. C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting
D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.
53.Which of following is true about aboriginal Australians?
A.They have only a few words for numbers
B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers
C.They can only count to five on their fingers
D.They can understand different ideas about numbers 54.The study of the Piraha tribe shows that____
A.people all over the world know how to count
B.People of the tribe have words for number
C.Some groups of people are not smart enough to count
D.Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe
55.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math
B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans
C.In some aboriginal culture,people don‟t even know how to count
D.Some languages don‟t have number words because people don‟t need numbers.
BCDDA
温州
Most people hope to have a memory which helps them succeed in study,work and life.Can memory be improved?Luckily,hundreds of studies in the past 50 years have already given us a definite* answer.
A healthy lifestyle keeps your brain young and memory sharp.First of all,it is necessary to have a healthy diet.Eating more food rich in B vitamins and Vitamin E,such as vegetables and lean meat,helps you have a
better memory.Doing exercise can keep your brain alive,too.Proper exercise provides much needed oxygen for the brain.Running ,riding a bike ,swimming and even walking two or three times a week are helpful.Moreover,getting enough sleep is important.Only when your brain gets a good rest,can it work well.The healthier your lifestyle is,the better your memory will become,but do not expect a sudden change---it takes a long time to make a difference.
Memory skills help you remember things better.The following three are the most widely used.Chunking* is a way of remembering a piece of information by cutting it into smaller ones.For example,to memorize a ten--digit telephone number 2127983630,you can divide the digits into three groups:first 212,then 798,and lastly 3630.This method is far more effective than remembering a string* of 10 digits.Organization means organizing information into groups of the the same kind.For example, trees,grass and flowers are plants;tigers,panadas,horses and cows are animals ,Imagery is remembering newly learnt information by using your imagination and connecting it with something that you are familiar with.
However,memory skills will hardly work if you don‟t understand the information.What‟s more,only a regular review can make the memory last long.That is why students are always advised to go over what they have learnt after one day and then after three days,and then use it as regularly as possible.
Human brains are like muscles that need nutrients and exercise to become stronger.If you make a few lifestyle changes ans try some memory skills,you can certainly improved your memory.
1.How many ways of keeping a healthy lifestyle are mentioned in the passage?
A.Two B.Three C.Four D.Five
2.Which of the following examples is the use of the skill “organization”?
A.Remembering the word “sad ”by putting it into the group of “feeling ”
B.Remembering the meaning of the word “red” by connecting it with fire
C.Remembering a long and difficult passage by understanding its meaning. D.Remembering the post number 0708591 by diving it into 070 and 8571
3.According to the passage,why should we review what we‟ve learnt?
A.To use it better every day
B.To understand it in a better way
C.To improve memory skills
D.To remember it for a longer time
4.The passage is written to tell us______.
A.not everyone has a good memory
B.memory skills are not difficult to learn
C.memory can be improved in some ways
D.it is important to have a healthy lifestyle
BADC
武汉
I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a “night out with the boys”. He had no bobbies but just took care of his family.
For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am. He was always interested in my life-how my family was doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, England or Florida.
Nine years ago when I bought me first house, my father, 67 years old, spent eight hours a day for three days, painting my house. He would not allow me to pay someone to have it done. All he asked, was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice
to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father.
Five years ago, my 71-year-old father spent five hours putting together a swing set（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him, But again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean.
The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1995, my father telephoned me as usual, this time he had seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short.www.shanpow.com_中考阅读题。
The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father was sent to hospital in Florida. I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make up for the lost time, and have a nice long talk with I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me.
In the years since his death I have learnt much about my father, and even more about every single day.
1. We know from the reading that the father_____.
A. liked to paint houses
B. had no friends around him
C. was not healthy in his youth
D. thought of his family as his all
2. When her father painted her first house, the daughter_____.
A. could only afford a glass of iced tea
B. was too busy to talk to her father
C. could do nothing but hold a paintbrush
D. spent eight hours a day working with her father
3. On January 16, 1996, the daughter felt that her father_____.
A. seemed to be a little different
B. had no time to phone her as usual
C. became interested in church
D. had forgotten to discuss some things with her
4.In the reading the underlined phrase „get to know him‟ most probably means_____.
A. get him to know her B. know more about him
C. get him to know himself D. make him well-known
5. Which is the best title of the reading?
A. Painting Houses B. Daughter‟s Familywww.shanpow.com_中考阅读题。
C. Father and I D. Father‟s phone calls
DBABC
衢州
E-waste is fast becoming a serious problem around the world. This report will examine this problem and provide some possible ways to solve it.
We live in a society that is producing and using electronics(电子产品) all the time. It is often cheaper to buy new products than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies always encourage people to change their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E-waste is created when we throw away old ones. In the EU alone, about 8,700,000 tons of e-waste is produced each year. Sadly, just over 1,000,000 tons is recycled.
Burying(填埋) e-waste or burning it cause serious problems for the environment. Electronics have
【二】:中考 语文 阅读题 含答案
2013年中考语文真题·阅读题型
1、阅读下面文章，完成小题。（18分）
从容淡定
陈 旭
①“从容淡定”这词耐人寻味，意思是“从容于心，淡定于行”。作为
人的一种情怀和精神境界，古已有之。
②古往今来，中华民族的圣贤先哲、仁人志士，都对“从容”和“淡定”
作出了自己的诠释。孟子的“贫贱不能移，富贵不能淫，威武不能屈”；刘
禹锡的“沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春”； ； 等等，无不表现出“从容”和“淡定”的心性情怀。
③从容包含着从大、从深、从远之意；从容也是一种自由，是人生主体
的自我解放，是由必然王国向自由王国“从容不迫”地不断迈进。
④淡定就是一种修养。仁而无忧，仁而无惧，实事求是。心怀坦荡，兰
心傲骨。淡定也证明一种能力——深思熟虑以扬长避短，内省自知以有进有
退，这也是大智大勇之人的明智选择。
⑤淡定是一种真正的领略和彻悟。表现为“八风吹不动”。所谓八风就www.shanpow.com_中考阅读题。
是利、衰、毁、誉、称、讥、苦、乐世间八法，并非说“东西南北八面来风”。
“八风吹不动”，意思是说：无论顺境还是逆境，别人称赞还是诽谤，都能
安然不动，泰然处之。
⑥能否做到“从容淡定”，多半是性格使然。有人天生就是“悠着来”，
遇事比别人慢半拍；有人与生俱来就是“风风火火”，容不得一丁点儿耽搁。
这在管理学上叫EQ，也就是所谓的情绪智商。但能否真正做到“从容淡定”，
更关乎后天修养。时下，浮躁、浅薄、目光短浅、急功近利之风还存在，有
些人一心想着不付出或少付出却期待大回报，所以办起事来恨不能急吼吼、
风火火地让满世界都知道，同时暗中还斤斤计较着什么，都想如古话所说的“早出一扁担，晚归柴满仓”，谁都不想为那巍巍青山做点儿什么。说到底，
还是缺失“从容淡定”的健康心态。
⑦近代胡适是公认的渊博学者，在文学、哲学、史学、考据学、教育学、
伦理学等诸多领域均有建树。他治学有两个主要领域，一是中国哲学史，一
是中国文学史，都可说开一代新风，功不可没。他还是新“红学派”——考
据派的创始人，可以说是将小说纳入了学术研究正轨的第一人。
⑧就是这样的一位中华文化巨匠，无论在什么状态下人们怎么看待他，他始终都坚持“从容淡定”。他有一句名言：“这个世界乱纷纷，先把自己铸炼成器。”
——选自《杂文月刊》2013·3上（有删改）
1．本文的中心论点是什么？（3分）
2．阅读第②段，结合上下文，在横线处补充两位名人的名言。（4分）
3．文中作者认为一个人要做到“从容淡定”需要哪些条件？（4分）
4．具体说说文章第⑥段引用古话“早出一扁担，晚归柴满仓”的作用是什么？
5．结合全文，理解文章结尾“这个世界乱纷纷，先把自己铸炼成器”这句话的含义。（3分）
【答案】1．从容淡定是人应该具备的情怀和精神境界。（意合即可）
2．恰当即可。示例：诸葛亮的“淡泊明志，宁静致远”；陶渊明的“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”；范仲淹的“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”；文天祥的“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”等等。（每句2分）
3．不急躁的先天性格，良好的后天修养。（每点2分）
4．形象具体（通俗）（1分）地反映出时下那些目光短浅、急功近利的现象，（2分）增强了文章的说服力。（1分）
5．不管这个世界怎样浮躁喧嚣，（1分）我们首先得加强自我修养，做到从容淡定。（2分）
【解析】1．试题分析：题目为论题型，第一段暗含中心论点，接着围绕从容和淡定展开论述，最后引用名言总结归纳。由此可见，本文的中心论点在第一自然段，可以用自己的话概括为：从容淡定是作人的一种情怀和精神境界。
考点：本题考查学生对论点的提取（概括）能力。
点评：论点的位置一般在文章的题目、开头段、结尾段、中间，如果原文中
没有明显的语句，则要根据文章内容加以概括。本文就属于最后一种，应根据对文章的理解，抓住文中的关键语句，用自己的话概括。
2．试题分析：“表现出“从容”和“淡定”的心性情怀”的句子均可，但要知道作者。这样的句子很多，如诸葛亮的“淡泊明志，宁静致远”；陶渊明的“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”；范仲淹的“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”；文天祥的“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”；李清照“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄”等。
考点：考查学生的积累功底。
点评：平时要培养对各类知识的兴趣，如故事传说、名人名言、俗语谚语、诗词名句等，要在学习、生活中多留意，并随手记录下来，这样，考试时遇到这类的题目就不会无答案可写了。
3．试题分析：审题后确定范围，文章的第六段有这样的关键语句，如“能否做到“从容淡定”，多半是性格使然”还有“但能否真正做到从容淡定，更关乎后天修养”。从这些语句中，我们可以提取出答案。
考点：考查学生的理解及提取信息的能力。
点评：审题后首先要确定答题范围，然后精读并提取出关键语句，还要注意词语等语言标志，根据理解概括出切题的答案。注意提取和概括一定要全面，不可遗漏。
4．试题分析：引用古话，其实是道理论证，证明了前面的时下的“浮躁、浅薄、目光短浅、急功近利之风”，增强了文章的说服力。
考点：本题考查学生对论证方法的理解能力。
点评：议论文常见的论证方法有四种，举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证、对比论证，这是必须要知道并记准确的内容。其作用要根据具体的文章来作答，一般运用论证方法的语句，证明其前面的观点，要到前面的文章中去读，去寻找。
5．试题分析：前句写出了我们所生活的这个世界的特点：纷乱，众说纷纭。后句写出了对人们的要求。结合文章内容与观点可知，这句话是说，首先要加强自身的修养，做到从容淡定。把这句话的意思连缀起来，解释清楚即可。 考点：本题考查学生对句子的理解和语言表达的能力。
2、阅读下面的文章。完成小题。（23分）
生长在城市里的一棵树
【美】劳拉·伊丽莎白·理查兹 陈荣生 译
①在一座拥挤的城市里，在两座高楼之间长着一棵树。这棵树的周围没
有任何绿色植物，树一侧的叶子碰到了一座仓库密密实实的墙，另外一侧的叶子掠到了一座破旧公寓的窗口，下面的空间已经被水泥铺到树的根部，但这棵树仍然活着，而且每到春天都会长出新鲜嫩绿的叶子。
②“你为什么要这样做呢？”住在树根下的老鼠问。“我就不会这样做，
如果我是你的话”。
③“这是我的事！”树说。“这是我得做的事情。我的家族全都这样做”。
④“但是没有人来看你，在这样的环境里，”老鼠说，“除了我。”
⑤“那不关我的事！”树说。 ．
⑥但是，公寓里那位生病了的姑娘说：“妈妈！亲爱的妈妈！窗外那棵
树长出细小的新叶了，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。春天来了，即使是在城市里也可以看到春天了。现在我会长得更好。我敢肯定。”
⑦“感谢上帝！”母亲说。
⑧夏天来了。树叶长得又大又长，树枝被它们压得弯了腰。树叶在风的
吹拂下颤抖，留下了一片阴凉。 ．．
⑨“你这样耗费自己的生命，真的让人为你感到遗憾！”住在树根下的
老鼠说，“要是你捕捉昆虫，或者做些有用的事情，我倒会感到好受一些。你为什么就是要这样做呢？”
⑩“这是我得做的事情！”树说。“我的家族全都这样做”。
⑾“但是，如果有人关注或同情的话，那又会不同，”老鼠说。
⑿“那不关我的事！”树说。
⒀但是，公寓里那位生病了的姑娘说：“妈妈，热浪让人感到窒息。要
不是有那棵可爱的树的遮阴，我真的无法忍受。风把树叶吹得沙沙作响，我从这种响声中感觉到了凉爽，好像置身于山间一大片森林，森林里的树木凤舞婆娑，碧绿的草地上长满了鲜花，清香四溢，叮咚作响的泉流你追我赶往前奔。”
⒁“感谢上帝！”母亲说。
⒂日子一天天过去，转眼就是秋了。空气开始稀薄和变冷，那棵树的树
叶也开始变黄，一片接一片地掉落到地上。水泥地面全都被落叶覆盖了，那
些落叶就像金子般闪闪发光。
⒃“现在你明白了！” 住在树根下的老鼠说，“现在一切都结束了，你
的辛苦有何所得？”
⒄“我做了我得做的事情”，树说，“那对我来说已经足够了”。
⒅“真是懦弱的植物！”老鼠说，“如果你结出果实让人吃，那至少算是
留下一点东西，可现在，除了掉落的枯叶和空荡荡的树枝，你什么都没有留下。”
⒆“那不关我的事！”树说。
⒇但是，公寓里那位生病了的姑娘说：“妈妈！亲爱的妈妈，夏天已经
结束了。看啊！我那棵可爱的树掉叶了，那些光秃秃的树枝拍打着我们的窗口，似乎在提醒着我，那棵树该安静休息了，我想我也要睡觉了。亲爱的妈妈，请您帮我拾几片树叶，我要好好珍藏，因为它们一直是我快乐的源泉。”
（21）说完，她转身面对着墙，慢慢地入睡了。
（22）“感谢上帝！”母亲说。
——选自《美文》（有删改）
6．文章写了一棵树的经历，也写了一位生病女孩看到树后的感受，请分别加以概括。（6分）
树的经历： 女孩的感受：
7．第①段的环境描写，写出了树怎样的生存环境？这样写有什么作用？（4分）
8．结合语境，说说第⑤⑧段中划线词语的含义。（4分）
（1）那不关我的事！
（2）树叶在热浪下微微颤抖，留下了一片阴凉。
9．请从修辞和描写手法的角度，对文章第⒀段划线语句进行赏析。（4分）
好像置身于山间一大片森林，森林里的树木凤舞婆娑，碧绿的草地上长
满了鲜花，清香四溢，叮咚作响的泉流你追我赶往前奔。”
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